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Chapter 1
Introduction of the Body
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdominal | relating to the abdomen |
| abdomen | body area between the diaphragm and pelivs |
| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the abdominal organs |
| abdominal quadrant | any of the four topographic subdivisions of the abdomen determined by two imaginary lines dividing the body though the navel, one vertical, one horizontal; health professionals use these designations to help locate specific internal organs |
| abdominal region | any of nine topographic subdivisions of the abdomen determined by four imaginary lines configured in a tic-tac-toe pattern; anatomists use these named regions to identify the location of internal organs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs, which is subdivided into two compartments- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| abdiminopelvic quadrant | any of four regions formed by dividing the abdominopelvic cavity by an imaginary cross formed by a vertical and horizontal line |
| abdiminopelvic region | surface area of the body related to the abdominopelvic cavity |
| anatomincal position | the standard neutral reference position for the body - used to describe sites or motions of various body parts; gives meaning to directional terms |
| anatomist | professional engaged in the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts |
| antebrachial | refers to the forearm |
| antecubital | refers to the elbw |
| anterior | front or ventral; opposite of posterior |
| anthroppology | science of human origins, culture, characteristics, society, and beliefs |
| appendicular | refers to the upper and lower extremities in the body |
| atrophy | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part |
| axial | central line or structure around which something turns; the second cervical vertebra |
| axial skeleton | the bones of the head, neck, and torso |
| axilla | armpit |
| axillary | relating to the armpit |
| axis | central line or structure around which something turns; the second cervical vertebra |
| bilateral symmetry | concept of the right and left sides of the body being approximate mirror images of each other |
| brachial | relating to the arm |
| buccal | relating to the cheek |
| carpal | relating to the wrist |
| cell | the basic biological and structural unit of the body consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed by a membrane |
| cephalic | refers to the head |
| cervical | relating to the neck |
| chemical level | level of biological organization that includes chemical particles such as atoms and molecules |
| control center | a nervous system structure that acts an an integrating or regulating mechanism |
| cranial | toward the head |
| cranial cavity | space inside the skull that contains the brain |
| crural | relating to the leg |
| cubital | refers to the elbow or the forearm |
| cutaneous | relating to the skin |
| deep | farther away from the body's surface |
| diaphragm | membrane or partition that separates one thing from another; |
| digital | refers to the fingers and toes |
| dissection | cutting technique used to separate body parts for study |
| distal | towards the end of a structure; opposite of proximal |
| dorsal | referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal |
| dorsal body cavity | includes the cranial and spinal cavities |
| effector | responding organ; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscles, the heart and glands |
| epigastric region | superior center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; found just inferior to the sternum |
| experimental control | any procedure within a scientific experiment ensuring that the test situation itself is not affecting the outcome of the experiment |
| experimentation | the performance of a study that usually tests a tentative explanation of nature called a hypothesis |
| facial | referring to the face |
| feedback loop | a highly complex and integrated communication control network, classified as negative or positive; negative feedback loops are the most important and most numerous homeostatic control mechanisms |
| femoral | referring to the thigh |
| forensic science | field of scientific investigation applied to legal questions, such as cause of death, crime scene investigation, and related matters |
| frontal | relating to the forehead or the anterior aspect of a structure |
| frontal plane | lengthwise section or plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions; also called the coronal plane |
| gluteal | of or near the buttocks |
| homeostasis | relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment |
| hypochondriac region | far left and right superior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located partly beneath the cartilage of the lower rib cage |
| hypothesis | a proposed explanation of an observed phenomenon |
| iliac region | either of the far left and right inferior corner regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located in the right and left pelvic regions |
| inferior | lower; opposite of superior |
| inguinal | of the groin |
| lateral | of or toward the side; opposite of medial |
| levels of organization | groupings of structural components form microscopic to gross, used as a manner of organizing concepts of biological scale |
| lumbar | lower back, between the ribs and the pelvis |
| lumbar region | either the far left and right middle regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located at approximately the same level as the lumbar vertebrae |
| mammary | relating to the breast |
| medial | of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral |
| mediastinum | a subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity |
| medicine | practice of applying scientific principles to the prevention and treatment of health conditions |
| microbiome | all the interacting ecosystems of microbes (bacteria, fungi, etc.) that live on or in the human body; also called the human microbiome or human microbial system |
| midsagittal plane | a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves |
| nasal | relating to the nose |
| negative feedback | negative feedback loop; homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus |
| oblique plane | imagined flat plane that runs diagonally to an axis of the body or one of its parts, producing slanted, oblique section or cut |
| occipital | relating to the back of the skull, as in occipital bone or occipital region |
| olecranal | relating to the elbow |
| opthalmic | relating to the eye |
| oral | relating to the mouth |
| orbital | relating to the eye region or orbit (socket) of the eye; region of an atom inhabited by electrons |
| organ | group of several tissue types that performs a special function |
| organism | an individual, living thing |
| palmar | referring to the palm of the hand |
| pedal | foot |
| pelvic | relating to the pelvis (basin formed by coxal bones) |
| pelvic cavity | portion of the ventral cavity formed by the basin of the pelvic (hip) girdle; the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| perineal | refers to the area between the anus and genitals called the perineum |
| physiology | the study of body function |
| plane | flat surface or imagined flat surface |
| plantar | relating to the sole of the foot |
| pleural cavity | a lateral subdivision of the thorax where a lung resides |
| popliteal | behind the knee |
| positive feedback | positive feedback loop; homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be pushed in the direction of the original deviation, causing an amplification of the original stimulus; ordinaril |
| posterior | located behind; opposite of anterior |
| prone | term used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward |
| proximal | next or nearest; located nearest the center of the body or the point of attachment of a structure |
| sagittal plane | a longitudinal section or flat cut extending from front to back, dividing the body or body part into right and left subdivisions |
| scientific method | any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, often involving testing of tentative explanations called hypotheses |
| section | process of making a cut; a cutting; a segment of a larger structure |
| sensor | in a feedback loop, the mechanism that detect changes in the physiological variable being monitored and regulated |
| spinal cavity | the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes |
| superficial | near the body surface |
| superior | higher; opposite of inferior |
| supine | used to describe the body laying in a horizontal position facing upward |
| supraclavicular | area above the clavicle |
| system | group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone |
| tarsal | relating to the ankle |
| theory | an explanation of a scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true |
| throacic | relating to the chest area of the body ( upper trunk) |
| thoracic cavity | hollow space within the larger ventral body cavity that contains the lungs (pleural cavities) and heart (mediastinum) |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| transverse plane | horizontal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts |
| umbilical | relating to the navel |
| ventral body cavity | organ containing space in the anterior trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| volar | palm or sole |
| zygomatic | near the cheek |
Created by:
nursingteacher
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