CHSderekScience
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| the shaking and trembling that results the movement of rock beneth the earth surface | earthquake
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| two powerful forces that change rock and earths crust | squeezepull
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| a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress
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| the amount of space and object takes up | volume
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| stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions | shearing
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| stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thiner in the middle | tension
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| stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks | compression
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| any change in the volume or shape of earth crust | deformation
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| a break in the crust where slabs of crust slip past each other | fault
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| rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down mountains shearing transform | strike-slip fault
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| the fault is at an angle so one block of rock lies above the fault and the other block lies below the fault tension and divergent | normal fault
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| half of the fault that lies above | hanging wall
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| half of the fault that lies below | footwall
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| a type of fault where the hanging wall slides up compression convergent | reverse fault
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| a force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface | friction
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| the rocks on both sides of the fault slide by each other with no sticking | low friction
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| the sides of the fault jam together from time to time they break free small earth quakes occur | medium friction on a fault
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| both sides of rock lockthe stress increases until it is strong enough to overcome the friction larger earthquakes occur | high friction on a fault
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| a mountain that fomrs where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock | fault-block mountain
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| where 2 plates move away from each other tnesion forces create many normal faultswhen 2 of these normal faults form parallel to each other, a block of rock is left lying between them. | beginning process of a fault-block mountain
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| bend in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of earth's crust. | folds
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| the collisions of 2 plates cause compression and folding of the crust. | compression of 2 plates cause an earthquake
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| an up fold in a rock formed by comprssion of earth's crust | anticline
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| a down fold in a rock formed by tension in earth's crust | syncline
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| a large area of flatland elevated high above sealevel | plateau
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| the lithesphere with in 100 kilometers of earth's surface | where an earthquake is centered
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| the point beneath earth surface where rock that is stress breaks, triggering an earthquake. | focus
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| the point on the surface directly above the focus | epicenter
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| vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake | scismic waves
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| how close the location is to the epicenter | what determines how much the ground shakes during an earthquake.
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| when rocks fracture at the focus deep in the the earth's crust. | when do earthquakes occur?
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| primary waves | what are the first waves to occur in an earthquake?
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| earthquake waves that compress and expand the ground like accordion | p waves
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| earthquake waves that vibrate side to side as well as up and down shaking the ground back and forth. | s waves
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| move more slowly than both p and s waves | how fast do surface waves move?
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| shake building side to side or shake like ocean rolls | what do Surface Waves do?
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| by a device called seismograph | how do we record and measure seismic waves
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| electronic seismographmechanical seismograph | types of devices we use to record seismic waves
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| a measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. | magnitude
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| developed to rate earthquakes according to their intesity. | Mercalli Scale
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| a rating of the size of seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph | Richter Scale
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| Electronical instead of mechanical | what seismograph is used today?
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| accurate measurements for small nearby earthquakes, but the scale doesn't work well for large or distant earthquakes. | how well does a Richter scale work?
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| a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake | Moment Magnitude Scale
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| rates earthquakes of all sizes, near or far | What does the Moment Magnitude Scale do?
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| Richter ScaleMercalli ScaleMoment Magnitude Scale | What are the scales used to measure the strength of an earthquake?
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| 5.0 and above | A what magnitude on the Moment Magnitude Scale causes great distruction.
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| By the seismic waves speed. | How is locating the epicenter?
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| The energy of the seismic waves tat reach the surface is greatest at the epic center | At what point do seismic waves first reach the surface?
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| they travel through earth by seismic waves | How does the energy of an earthquake travel through earth?
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