vocab words
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| Apnea | A condition that causes breathing to stop periodically or be significantly reduced.
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| Artificial ventilation | A mechanical means used to assist breathing, such as with a bag-valve-mask resuscitator (BVM) or resuscitation mask.
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| Aspiration | To take, suck or inhale blood, vomit, saliva or other foreign material into the lungs.
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| Asthma | An ongoing condition in which the airways swell; the air passages can become constricted or blocked when affected by various triggers.
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| Asthma attack | The sudden worsening of asthma signs and symptoms, caused by inflammation of the airways and the tightening of muscles around the airways of a person with asthma, making breathing difficult.
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| Asthma trigger | Anything that sets off an asthma attack, such as animal dander, dust, smoke, exercise, stress or medications.
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| Bag-valve-mask resuscitator | A hand-held breathing device consisting of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve and a face mask; can be used with or without emergency oxygen.
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| Breathing emergency | An emergency in which breathing is impaired; can become life threatening; also called a respiratory emergency.
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| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | A progressive lung disease in which the patient has difficulty breathing because of damage to the lungs; airways become obstructed and the alveolar sacs lose their ability to fill with air.
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| Crackles | An abnormal fine, crackling breath sound on inhalation that may be a sign of fluid in the lungs; also known as rales.
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| Cricoid | A solid ring of cartilage just below and behind the thyroid cartilage.
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| Cyanosis | A condition in which the patient’s skin, nail beds and mucous membranes appear a bluish or greyish color because of insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood.
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| Deadspace | The areas within the respiratory system between the pharynx and the alveoli that contains a small amount of air that does not reach the alveoli.
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| Emphysema | A chronic, degenerative lung disease in which there is damage to the alveoli.
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| Finger sweep | A method of clearing the mouth of foreign material that presents a risk of blocking the airway or being aspirated into the lungs.
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| Foreign body airway obstruction | The presence of foreign matter, such as food, that obstructs the airway.
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| Hyperventilation | Rapid, deep or shallow breathing; usually caused by panic or anxiety.
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| Hypoxia | A condition in which insufficient oxygen is delivered to the body’s cells.
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| Jaw-thrust maneuver | A maneuver for opening the airway in a patient suspected of having an injury to the head, neck or spine.
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| Midaxillary line | An imaginary line that passes vertically down the body starting at the axilla (armpit); used to locate one of the areas for listening to breath sounds.
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| Midclavicular line | An imaginary line that passes through the midpoint of the clavicle (collarbone) on the ventral surface of the body; used to locate one of the areas for listening to breath sounds.
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| Midscapular line | An imaginary line that passes through the midpoint of the scapula (shoulder blade) on the dorsal surface of the body; used to locate one of the areas for listening to breath sounds.
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| Oxygenation | The addition of oxygen to the body; also, the treatment of a patient with oxygen.
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| Paradoxical breathing | An abnormal type of breathing that can occur with chest injury; one area of the chest moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest.
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| Pathophysiology | The study of the abnormal changes in mechanical, physical and biochemical functions caused by an injury or illness.
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| Pneumonia | A lung infection caused by a virus or bacterium that results in a cough, fever and difficulty breathing.
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| Positive pressure ventilation | An artificial means of forcing air or oxygen into the lungs of a person who has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing.
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| Pulmonary embolism | Sudden blockage of an artery in the lung; can be fatal.
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| Rales | An abnormal breath sound; a popping, clicking, bubbling or rattling sound, also known as crackles.
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| Respiratory failure | Condition in which the respiratory system fails in oxygenation and
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| Resuscitation mask | A pliable, dome-shaped breathing device that fits over the mouth and nose; used to provide artificial ventilations and administer emergency oxygen.
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| Rhonchi | An abnormal breath sound when breathing that can often be heard without a stethoscope; a snoring or coarse, dry rale sound.
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| Stridor | An abnormal, high-pitched breath sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx; usually heard on inhalation.
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| Suctioning | The process of removing foreign matter, such as blood, other liquids or food particles, by means of a mechanical or manual suctioning device.
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| Tidal volume | The normal amount of air breathed at rest.
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| Ventilation | The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere; allows for an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
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| Wheezing | A high-pitched whistling sound heard during inhalation but heard most loudly on exhalation; an abnormal breath sound that can often be heard without a stethoscope.
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| Airway adjunct | A mechanical device used to help keep the tongue from obstructing the airway; can be either nasal or oral.
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| Nasopharyngeal airway | An airway adjunct inserted through the nostril and into the throat to help keep the tongue from obstructing the airway; may be used on a conscious or an unconscious patient.
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| Oropharyngeal airway | An airway adjunct inserted through the mouth and into the throat to help keep the tongue from obstructing the airway; used only with unconscious patients.
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| Emergency oxygen | Oxygen delivered to a patient from an oxygen cylinder through a delivery device; can be given to a nonbreathing or breathing patient who is not receiving adequate oxygen from the environment.
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| Flowmeter | A device used to regulate, in liters per minute (LPM), the amount of oxygen administered to a patient.
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| Hyperoxia | A condition in which an excess of oxygen reaches the body’s cells.
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| Hypoxia | A condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the body’s cells.
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| Nasal cannula | A device used to administer emergency oxygen through the nostrils to a breathing person.
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| Non-rebreather mask | A type of oxygen mask used to administer high concentrations of oxygen to a breathing person.
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| O-ring gasket | Plastic ring that makes the seal of the pressure regulator on an oxygen cylinder tight; can be a built-in or an attachable piece.
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| Oxygen cylinder | A steel or alloy cylinder that contains 100 percent oxygen under high pressure.
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| Pressure regulator | A device on an oxygen cylinder that reduces the delivery pressure of the oxygen to a safe level.
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