Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | You need some characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is consistent across situations
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| Two main ways to study personality | show 🗑
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| show | Darwin- man is not special and can be studied like any other part of the natural order. Helmholtz - law of the conservation of energy. Bruke- all living organisms are energy systems. Freud combined all this and said that the human personality is energy sy
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| Freud's 2 main drives | show 🗑
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| show | Id, super-ego, and ego
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| Id | show 🗑
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| Ego | show 🗑
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| show | All of the messages from parents, teachers, and others about who we should be. It represents the ideal person who is her perfectly moral and virtuous, but we can never reach that. Super-ego pushes us to try, failure may cause guilt, shame...
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| show | Dream interpretation. Free association- practice in which a person was encouraged to speak without restraint. Parapraxis/Freudian slip- slip of the tongue of can reveal aspects of the unconsciousness
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| When the Id and superego can't reconcile | show 🗑
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| show | Reality anxiety- came from objective dangers in the environment, neurotic anxiety- related to fears of losing control over the Id, moral anxiety- came from fears of past or future or immoral behavior --> to cope with anxiety we develop defense mechanisms
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| show | Unconscious strategies for managing and reducing anxiety
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| Repression | show 🗑
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| show | Reverting to a previous stage of development, presumably one in which a person felt comfortable and didn't experience anxiety. Ex: anxiety causes an adult to thumb suck
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| Reaction Formation | show 🗑
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| Rationalization | show 🗑
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| show | involves focusing on academic analysis hand study of an area relevant to the person's anxiety, ex: after being cut from the basketball team, Joe obsesses over studying the game strategies
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| show | refers to redirecting anxiety away from the real threat and onto a less threatening object or situation. Ex: bad day at work --> yell at child
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| Denial | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to projecting one's own fears and anxieties on to other people. Ex: insisting that a classmate that you hate, hates you
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| show | Refers to a redirection of sexual or aggressive energies onto pursuits which are more socially acceptable, ex: instead of getting into a fistfight, writer creates violent characters
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| Psychosexual stages of development (OAPLG) | show 🗑
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| Oedipus complex | show 🗑
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| The negative outcome of Oedipus complex | show 🗑
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| show | Girl notices that she lacks a penis and develops penis envy. She experiences a latent sexual desire for her father and they wish to kill her mother, who's she blamed for her apparent castration. Freud believed that girl's overcome their anxiety and penis
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| show | A Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. He shared for its emphasis on the unconscious processes: personal and collective unconsciousness. Cont.
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| Jung's view on unconsciousness | show 🗑
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| Archetypes and examples | show 🗑
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| Attitude types | show 🗑
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| Personality types | show 🗑
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| Alfred Adler | show 🗑
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| Karen horney | show 🗑
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| show | Rational strategies for coping with emotional problems and dust minimizing anxiety: submission- moving toward ppl, agression- moving against ppl, detachment- moving away from ppl
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| Erik Erikson | show 🗑
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| Evaluating old psychodynamic theories | show 🗑
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| Evaluating the modern psychoanalytic perspective (Life, Peer, Identity, Dreams, Slips, PTSD = LPIDSP) | show 🗑
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| Evaluating the modern psychoanalytic perspective | show 🗑
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| Assessing personality | show 🗑
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| Projective techniques | show 🗑
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| Rorschach Inkblot Test | show 🗑
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| show | Focused on having participants explain ambiguous situations --> situations and relationships described could reveal motives, concerns, and characteristic way of viewing the social world
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| show | Do stated views reveal how a person is or how they want to be seen? Do respondents create bizarre narratives because those come to mind easily? Can similar answers be given for different underlying reasons? Examiner bias?
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| Trait based assessment | show 🗑
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| show | Hard time collecting information for traits with negative connotations. Face validity- if a test covers the basic concept.
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| show | Attempts to assess citrate in an indirect way that is difficult for the participant to conceal
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| Humanistic perspective on personality | show 🗑
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| show | Maslow proposed that we as individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. Beginning with physiological needs, we try to reach the state of self-actualization= fulfilling our potential
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| Self-actualization and the Jonah complex | show 🗑
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| show | Perceive - description of yourself. Ideal - how you would like to be. from a humanistic perspective, a self-actualized person finds the perceived self as completely congruent with the ideal self.
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| show | Humanistic view asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their constant striving toward higher levels of functioning. Does not dwell on past experiences but rather focus is on the present and future
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| show | actualizing tendency- goal of every organism is to fill the capabilities of our genetic blueprint. Self concepts- human beings form images of themselves. Self actualizing tendency- drive to fulfill self concepts
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| Rogers form of assessing personality | show 🗑
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| How to become fully functioning | show 🗑
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| Evaluating the humanistic perspective (Childhood, Vague, Optimistic, Self- centeredness= CVOS) | show 🗑
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| Cognitive-social learning theories in personality | show 🗑
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| Cognitive-social expectancies | show 🗑
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| Performance standards | show 🗑
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| Self-efficacy | show 🗑
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| Locus of control | show 🗑
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| show | tendency to highly rate the accuracy of descriptions of our personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to us.
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| Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) | show 🗑
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| Three types of traits that are assessed | show 🗑
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| show | Trait focused on in 1940s to understand to the rise of fascism. Referred to a tendency for obedience to authority, conformity, and political convertism
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| Which traits should be considered most important | show 🗑
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| Raymond Cattell | show 🗑
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| Hans Eysenck | show 🗑
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| show | Melancholic- high neuroticism/low extraversion, choleric- high neuroticism/high extraversion, sanguine- low neuroticism/high extraversion, phlegmatic- low neuroticism/low extraversion
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| show | Researchers today focus on 5 main traits because Eysenck's were too small and Cattell's too large so... OCEAN= openness / culture, conscientiousness, extraversion/introversion, agreeableness, neurotism/ emotional stability
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| show | How an individual's particular combination of traits interact with one another
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| show | They are quite stable in adulthood. However, they change over development
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| show | 50% or so for each trait
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| show | Yes. Conscientious people are morning type an extroverted are evening type
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| Experience sampling | show 🗑
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| show | How a person processes information, makes decisions, and chooses behaviors. the trade based perspective can be accused of using circular logic to evade provide an explanation to how personality works
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| show | There may be underlying biological links to personality traits. further research has suggested of the existence of two opposing systems which may relate to sensation-seeking and emotional stability: BAS and BIS
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| show | A reward seeking system related to dopamine pathways and greater activity in left prefrontal cortex in responding to incentives and rewards
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| Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) | show 🗑
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| The person-situation controversy | show 🗑
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| Person variables | show 🗑
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| show | Self schema- Larger and more complex than most other schema. Self serving bias- free calling achievements and successes while forgetting failures, which may play an important role in the development of self schema
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| show | How every person deals with existence. How we deal with existential crisis may create our personality
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| show | The awareness of death which causes us to define the meaning of our lives. Generally done in the context of our social and cultural environment as we attempt to figure out our own values and how we fit into society
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| show | The tendency for most people to believe that they are above average. Relates to self-serving bias
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| Personal constructs | show 🗑
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| Reciprocal determinism | show 🗑
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| Identity claims | show 🗑
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| show | The physical traces of activities conducted in the environment (scattered charcoal from drawing) or traces of behavior conducted outside the environment (snowboard propped against the wall)
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| show | observer consensus is not equally strong for all trades judged by far, the strongest consensus was obtained for extra virgin, with conscientiousness and distant second, and the least consensus found for agreeableness
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| show | Physical spaces hold marcuse to an occupant level of organization, tidiness, values, and recreational pursuits. the availability of such cues should promote relatively strong consensus for observers judgments.
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| Process to momentary impressions | show 🗑
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| show | obtain self ratings from the occupants and peer ratings from the occupants close acquaintances. We obtained accuracy estimates by correlating The observers rating with the combined self and peer ratings
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| What the cues are correlated with | show 🗑
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