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Melanin Storyline Essential Terms

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show A person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair and the eyes.  
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show The collection of genes responsible for the various genetic traits of a given organism  
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show The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment.  
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show Pertains to the one that determines the phenotype of an organism.  
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show A gene that can be masked by a dominant gene  
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heterozygous   show
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homozygous   show
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show Refers to offspring resulting from a true breeding  
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show The offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction  
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carrier   show
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show An ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual  
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allele   show
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show A square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.  
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show The cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene locus of interest  
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dihybrid   show
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show Illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights  
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karyotype   show
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mutation   show
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show A double helix, a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live, and reproduce  
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Protein synthesis   show
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show Refers to a cell or an organism that had two sets of chromosomes  
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haploid   show
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chromosome   show
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gene   show
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show Diploid-46 organized into 23 pairs- 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes  
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Autosomal chromosome   show
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show A trait that is controlled by a gene or an allele located on the sex chromosome  
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show Genes that are carried by either sec chromosomes are said to be sex linked. X or Y  
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Female sex genotype   show
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show XY  
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show A list of ordered genetic loci for a particular genome  
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loci   show
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show A specialized structure on the chromosome, appearing during cell division as the constricted central region where the two chromatids are held together and form an X shape  
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transcription   show
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show The process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cells nucleus.  
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show Polymers of amino acids  
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show an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA and the genetic material of an organism  
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Cell organelle   show
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show A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis.  
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show A type of organic acid that contains a carboxyl functional group and an amine functional group as well as a side chain that is specific to the individual amino acid  
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DNA nitrogenous bases   show
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RNA nitrogenous bases   show
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melanin   show
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show A form of point mutation in a codon that codes for the same or different amino acid but without any functional change in the protein product  
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Frameshift mutation   show
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show A mutation that exchanges one base for another.  
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Insertion mutation   show
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Deletion mutation   show
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codon   show
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show A specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis  
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show The process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation  
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Environmental factors   show
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show That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between X-rays and visible light between 40 and 400 nanometer wavelengths  
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Vitamin D   show
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homeostasis   show
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Abiotic factors   show
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Biotic factor   show
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show Any phenomena which alters the behavior and fitness of living organisms within a given environment  
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show Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations  
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show Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree  
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show The preferential survival and reproduction or preferential elimination of individuals with certain genotypes, by means of natural or artificial controlling factors  
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adaptation   show
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show A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy  
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show The process in nature by which, according to Darwin, only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive & transmit their genetic characters in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while lose less adapted tend to be eliminated  
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show All the organisms of the same group or species which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding  
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show Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division  
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show Refers to the identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere  
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Somatic cell   show
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gamete   show
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