Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock
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| pathophysiology | the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate the cells internally created fuel that powers all of the other cell functions
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| mitochondria | the structures of the cell that are responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into the form of energy known as ATP
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| Metabolism | the cellular function of converting glucose into ATP (energy)
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| electrolytes | substances that separates into charged particles after dissolving in water
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| aerobic metabolism | when glucose is metabolized with sufficient O2 levels
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| Anaerobic metabolism | when glucose is metabolize with inadequate supply of O2
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| hydrostatic pressure | the pressure that pushes water out of the vessels towards the cells when the heart beats
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| plasma oncotic pressure | the large proteins in the plasma attracting and binding water away from the body cells back into the vessels
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| stretch receptors | sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
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| hypertension | when there is a high level of SVR due to constriction of the peripheral blood vessels
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| SVR | Systemic Vascular Resistance - the pressure inside the blood vessels that the heart has to pump against
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| Loss of Tone | when vessels increase or decrease in diameter, due to injuries in the brain/spinal cord, severe systemic infections, and systemic allergic reactions
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| Excessive Permeability | when capillaries become overly permeable/leaky ie. sepsis, high altitude
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| stroke volume | the volume of blood ejected in one squeeze. Average person is 70mL/contraction
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| Preload | how much blood returns/fills heart before contracting
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| Contractility | the force of contraction/how hard the heart squeezes
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| Afterload | how much pressure the heart has to pump against (SVR). Greater the pressure in the system = lower stroke volume
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| Cardiac Output | Stroke Volume (Avg. 70mL) x heart rate = cardiac output per minute
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| hypoperfusion | inability of body to adequately circulate blood to supply cells with O2 and Nutrients (shock)
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| perfusion | the supply of O2 to and removal of waste from the body's cells and tissues as a result of blood circulation
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| 4 Types of Shock | Hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstruction
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| Hypovolemic Shock | low blood volume, when blood is lost (severe bleeding)
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| Distributive Shock | loss of tone occurs making smooth muscles of vessels incapable of maintaining a normal diameter ie. anaphylaxis and sepsis
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| Cardiogenic Shock | heart fails in ability to pump, due to conditions such as trauma or myocardial infarction, or an electric issue like dysrhythmia, or mechanical like damage to the heart muscle itself
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| Obstructive Shock | blood physically prevented from flowing to destinations
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| diaphoresis | cool, pale, most/sweaty skin
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| Common Responses to Shock | brain wil signal to sympathetic nervous system to begin fight or flight response; body will release hormones that signal kidneys to stop eliminating fluid and the bone marrow to start producing more red blood cells
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| Compensated Shock | when the body responds to shock accordingly to sustain normal function (at least temporarily)
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| Signs and Symptoms of Compensated Shock | -slight mental status changes (anxiety, feeling of doom) - increased HR - increased RR - delayed capillary refill time - diaphoresis, sweating
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| How much of body is water? 3 spaces where water is found and their percentages? | 60% of body, Intracellular (70%), Intravascular (5%), Interstitial (25%)
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Created by:
jon.kowalski
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