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105 Chapter 7
Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pathophysiology | the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate the cells internally created fuel that powers all of the other cell functions |
| mitochondria | the structures of the cell that are responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into the form of energy known as ATP |
| Metabolism | the cellular function of converting glucose into ATP (energy) |
| electrolytes | substances that separates into charged particles after dissolving in water |
| aerobic metabolism | when glucose is metabolized with sufficient O2 levels |
| Anaerobic metabolism | when glucose is metabolize with inadequate supply of O2 |
| hydrostatic pressure | the pressure that pushes water out of the vessels towards the cells when the heart beats |
| plasma oncotic pressure | the large proteins in the plasma attracting and binding water away from the body cells back into the vessels |
| stretch receptors | sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure |
| hypertension | when there is a high level of SVR due to constriction of the peripheral blood vessels |
| SVR | Systemic Vascular Resistance - the pressure inside the blood vessels that the heart has to pump against |
| Loss of Tone | when vessels increase or decrease in diameter, due to injuries in the brain/spinal cord, severe systemic infections, and systemic allergic reactions |
| Excessive Permeability | when capillaries become overly permeable/leaky ie. sepsis, high altitude |
| stroke volume | the volume of blood ejected in one squeeze. Average person is 70mL/contraction |
| Preload | how much blood returns/fills heart before contracting |
| Contractility | the force of contraction/how hard the heart squeezes |
| Afterload | how much pressure the heart has to pump against (SVR). Greater the pressure in the system = lower stroke volume |
| Cardiac Output | Stroke Volume (Avg. 70mL) x heart rate = cardiac output per minute |
| hypoperfusion | inability of body to adequately circulate blood to supply cells with O2 and Nutrients (shock) |
| perfusion | the supply of O2 to and removal of waste from the body's cells and tissues as a result of blood circulation |
| 4 Types of Shock | Hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstruction |
| Hypovolemic Shock | low blood volume, when blood is lost (severe bleeding) |
| Distributive Shock | loss of tone occurs making smooth muscles of vessels incapable of maintaining a normal diameter ie. anaphylaxis and sepsis |
| Cardiogenic Shock | heart fails in ability to pump, due to conditions such as trauma or myocardial infarction, or an electric issue like dysrhythmia, or mechanical like damage to the heart muscle itself |
| Obstructive Shock | blood physically prevented from flowing to destinations |
| diaphoresis | cool, pale, most/sweaty skin |
| Common Responses to Shock | brain wil signal to sympathetic nervous system to begin fight or flight response; body will release hormones that signal kidneys to stop eliminating fluid and the bone marrow to start producing more red blood cells |
| Compensated Shock | when the body responds to shock accordingly to sustain normal function (at least temporarily) |
| Signs and Symptoms of Compensated Shock | -slight mental status changes (anxiety, feeling of doom) - increased HR - increased RR - delayed capillary refill time - diaphoresis, sweating |
| How much of body is water? 3 spaces where water is found and their percentages? | 60% of body, Intracellular (70%), Intravascular (5%), Interstitial (25%) |
Created by:
jon.kowalski
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