Digestive System basics
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| Digestive system | breaks down food into nutrients usable by cells
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| ingestion | take in
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| digestion | break down
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| absorption | take in, move into the body
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| elimination | removal
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| mechanical digestion | physical breakdown of food (chewing, churning)
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| chemical digestion | proteins called enzymes break down food into a different form
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| enzymes | proteins that help digestion
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| examples of 2 types of digestion in the mouth | mechanical digestion (chewing), chemical digestion (saliva)
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| saliva | breaks down carbohydrates with the enzyme Amylase
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| amylase | protein enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbs
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| esophagus | food tube: connects mouth & stomach
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| peristalsis | muscles of the esophagus contract and move food toward the stomach
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| examples of 2 types of digestion in the stomach | mechanical digestion (muscles squeezing & churning), chemical digestion (gastric acid and the enzyme pepsin)
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| pepsin | protein enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins
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| mucus | protects the inner layer of the stomach
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| chyme | what food is called when it leaves the stomach
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| small intestine | most digestion occurs here
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| villi | bumps (finger-like projections) that give more surface area for digested food to be absorbed into the body
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| liver | produces bile that breaks down lipids (fats) and filters blood
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| gallbladder | stores bile that gets released into the small intestine
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| secrete | give off /released
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| pancreas | releases protein enzymes insulin and glucagon into small intestine
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| insulin & glucagon | enzymes secreted into small intestine to regulate (control) blood sugar levels
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| large intestine | absorbs water from undigested material
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| colon | another name for large intestine
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| rectum | end of the large intestine
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| anus | muscular opening for removal of feces
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| feces | solid waste, end product of the digestive process
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