Anatomy and Physiology
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| What is the normal range for blood pH? | 7.35-7.45
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| What is the blood pH range for acidosis? | <7.35
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| What is the blood pH range for alkalosis | >7.45
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| __________ is one protein in the blood that helps maintain water balance. | Albumin
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| An imbalance of water between the tissues and blood may cause __________. | edema
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| Blood volume for females: | 4-5 liters
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| Blood volume for males: | 5-6 liters
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| Where are erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets made? | Red bone marrow
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| Identify and give a function for erythrocytes: | RBC, carries O2 and some CO2
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| Identify and give a function for neutrophils: | WBC, does phagocytosis, releases hydrogen peroxide and bleach
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| Give three examples of lymphocytes: | NK cell, T cell, B cell
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| Identify and give a function for monocytes: | Macrophage, becomes APC cell, does phagocytosis
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| ____________ are elevated in people who have allergies or parasites. | Eosinophils
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| Identify and give a function for megakaryocytes: | Multinucleated cells that form platelets
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| Distinguish between plasma and serum: | Plasma has clotting factors while serum does not
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| Average life span for a RBC is: | 120 days
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| Test which measures the packed RBC volume in percent: | Hematocrite
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| Test which measures the blood in grams/dl: | Hemoglobin
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| Organs which remove damaged RBC are: | Spleen and liver
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| A low WBC count is: | Leukopenia
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| A high WBC count is: | Leukocytosis
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| Protein inside RBC that carries oxygen and some CO2: | Hemoglobin
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| Low hemoglobin and hematocrite is associated with: | Anemia (30%)
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| High hemoglobin and hematocrite is associated with: | Polycythemia (70%)
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| Hemostasis depends on the cellular ellements: _____________ and on _________________, which include proteins and CA2+ in the plasma | Platelets; clotting factors
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| Which protein is used to make clot? | Fibrinogen
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| Which blood type is the "universal recipient"? | AB
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| Which blood type is the "universal doner"? | O
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| Hemolytic disease of the newborn affects mothers with which blood type? | RH+
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| Which blood types may be safely transfused to patients with blood type: A:________ B:________ AB:________O:_________ | A: A,OB: B,OAB: AB, A, B, OO: O
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| Trace the path of blood flow through the heart. | Superior and Inferior Vena Cava->Right Atrium->Right Ventricle->Pulminary Artery->Lungs (gas exchange)->Pulminary Vein->Left Atrium->Left Ventricle->Aorta->Body->Arteries->Capillaries (gas exchange)->Veins->Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
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| Lub is associated with __________________ and dup______________________. | tricuspid and bicuspid valves; semilunar valves
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| The "heart strings" which attach the AV valves to the wall of the heart are called: | Chordae tendonae
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| The membrane that covers the heart muscle is called: | Epicardium or visceral pericardium
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| The membrane which keeps pericardial fluid around the heart is called: | Parietal pericardium
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| The initiation of a heart beat is caused by the: | SA node
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| Lack of blood flow to the heart muscle is called: | Ischemia or heart attack
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| Trace the path of the cardiac conduction system: | Right Atrium (SA node->AV node)->AV bundle->Left/right bundle branches->Perkinje fibers
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| Which structure separates the right side of the heart from the left? | Septum
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| Blood vessle with valves and lots of connective tissue is called: | Vein
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| Blood vessle with lots of smooth muscle and a narrow lumen is called: | Artery
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| Name the layers of the blood vessles: | Tunica exterina, tunica media, tunica intima
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| Which blood vessle layer has the endothelium? | Tunica intima
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| Which test measures the electrical activity of the heart? | EKG or ECG
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| The right side of the heart pumps blood to the _____________ and the left side pumps blood to the ___________________. | lungs; rest of the body
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| Which blood vessles bring blood back to the heart? | Veins
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| Which blood vessles take blood away from the heart? | Arteries
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| 4 x 4 x 4 | 4 chambers: right and left atria, right and left ventricles4 valves: Tricuspid, bicuspid, pulminary semilunar, aortic semilunar4 vessles: Vena cava, pulminary artery, pulminary vein, aorita
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| Give a definition for myocardial infarction. | Heart attack
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| Kept outside of a body, a heart will beat on its own at ________bpm. | 40
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| A resting pulse of __________ indicates tachycardia. | >100
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| A resting pulse of __________ indicates bradycardia. | <60
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| Normal systolic/diastolic blood pressure is: | 120/80
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