BC-Membrane Structure & Function
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| The term for membranes which allow some molecules to pass through while blocking passage of other molecules. | Selective Permeability
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| Another name for passive transport. | Facilitated Diffusion
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| This term describes equal solute concentrations inside and outside of the cell. | isotonic
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| When the solute concentration is less. | Hypotonic
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| Small sacs (circles) of membrane are called _______. | vesicles
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| This is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. | Osmosis
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| Which region of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophyllic? | The Glycerol Head
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| Is it the proteins or the fatty acid tails which are responsible for giving the "Fluid Mosaic Model" of the plasma membrane its MOSAIC portion of the name? | The insertion of the proteins.
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| A cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.1% salt is placed in a solution of 2% salt solution. Is the solution surrounding the cell considered hypotonic or hypertonic? | The solution surrounding the cell is considered hypertonic .
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| Does diffusion move molecules down or up the concentration gradient? | Down
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| The process a cell uses to bring particles into the cell by pinching off a small circle of membrane to form a vesicle enclosing the particles. | Endocytosis
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| In a solution consisting of salt dissolved in water, which is the solute? | salt
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| Which region of the phospholipid molecule are hydrophobic? | Fatty Acid Tails
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| This term describes conditions when the solute concentration is greater. | Hypertonic
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| This method of moving molecules across the membrane uses proteins embedded in the membrane, and uses ATP energy to move molecules against (up) the concentration gradient. | Active Transport
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| A cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.1% salt is placed in a solution of 0.2% salt solution. Which way will water move, into or out of the cell? | Out of the cell.
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| Diffusion is considered to be _______ ________ because no transport proteins are involved and no ATP energy is used. | Passive Transport
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| Is the glycerol head of a phospholipid molecule polar or non-polar? | Polar
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| The process whereby vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and are able to "dump" the contents to the outside of the cell. | Exocytosis
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| A cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.3% salt is placed in a solution of 0.2% salt solution. Which way will water move, into or out of the cell? | Into the cell
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| Hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids which are saturated will or will not pack tightly together? | They will pack tightly together.
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| Hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids which are UNsaturated will or will not pack tightly together? | They will not pack tightly together.
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| Which type of membrane protein is only bound to the surface of the membrane? | Peripheral proteins
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| Which type of membrane protein penetrates into the middle of the membrane? | Integral proteins
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| Which type of membrane protein crosses from through to the other of the membrane? | Transmembrane proteins
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| HIV uses which types of membrane protein to attach to immune cells? | CD4 and CCR-5 cell surface proteins
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| These membrane carbohydrates have lipids bonded to them. | Glycolipids
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| These membrane carbohydrates have proteins bonded to them. | Glycoproteins
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| Molecules like diatomic oxygen are _____ and _____ and can pass easily through the membrane. | Nonpolar; hydrophobic
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| Molecules like sugars and water are _____ and _____ and cannot pass easily through the membrane. | Polar; hydrophyllic
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| Special channel proteins known as ______ aid in the passage of water molecules through the membrane,. | Aquaporins
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| The interior of the plasma membrane is considered to be _______ due to the non polar nature of the fatty acid tails. | Hydrophobic
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| The exterior of the plasma membrane is considered to be _______ due to the polar nature of the glycerol heads. | Hydrophyllic
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| Which type of transport protein has a tunnel that is hydrophillic? | Channel
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| ______ proteins can bind to molecules and change shape to transfer them across the membrane. | Carrier
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| What are the two types of transport proteins? | Channel and Carrier
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| This is the movement of like molecules down their concentration gradient. | Diffusion
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| _______ transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and uses carrier proteins. | Active Transport
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| _______ diffusion uses membrane proteins and no ATP energy to move molecules down the concentration gradient. | Facilitated
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| In osmosis water will always move _______ the hypertonic solution across the membrane. | Into
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| Plant cells become ______ or firm when placed in a hypotonic solution. | Turgid
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| What portion of the plant cell is responsible for the fact that the cell does not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution? | Cell wall
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| A plant cell with an internal solute concentration of 0.04% is placed in a solution with a 0.5% solution. Will the cell become turgid or flaccid? | Flaccid
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| When the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a plant cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution, it is known as: | Plasmolysis
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| ______ is a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs a particle by extending pseudopodia around it and creating a food vacuole. | Phagocytosis
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| ______ is a type of endocytosis in which a cell obtains fluid by creating vesicles around the fluid. | Pinocytosis
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| This type of endocytosis occurs when vesicle formation is triggered by solute binding to receptors on the plasma membrane. | Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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| LDL receptors in human cells use receptor-mediated endocytosis to take in _________. | cholesterol
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| Missing or defective LDL receptors in humans can result in high LDL numbers and those individuals have familial ________. | hypercholesterolemia
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