Ch 6: Microbial Nutrition and Growth
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Acidophile | This organism likes a low pH.
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| Superoxide dismutase | SOD
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| Aerotolerantanaerobes | An organism that does not use molecular oxygen, but is not affected by it
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| Agar | A complex polysaccharide used as a solidifying agent in culture media
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| Alkalinophiles | These organisms live in alkaline soils and water up to pH 11.5
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| Anaerobes | These organisms cannot use molecular oxygen
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| Barophiles | Organisms that live under extreme pressure
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| Binary Fission | The means of bacterial reproduction
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| Biofilms | Complex associations of large numbers of microorganisms, which are often different species that together attach to surfaces
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| Catalase | An enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide to release water and oxygen
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| Chemoautotrophs | These organisms use use carbon dioxide as a carbon source but obtain energy from redox reactions involving organic or inorganic molecules
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| Chemoheterotrophs | These organisms use organic compounds for both energy and carbon.
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| Colony | A visible mass of bacterial cells arising from one cell
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| Complex | The exact chemical composition of this media varies from batch to batch and used for most heterotrophic bacteria
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| Culture | Microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium
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| Death phase | The period of logarithmic decrease in a bacterial population
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| Defined Medium | The exact chemical composition of this medium is known
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| Differential Media | A solid culture medium that makes it easier to distinguish colonies of the desired organism
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| Exponential Growth | The phase of the bacterial growth curve where generation time is constant
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| Extreme thermophiles | Members of the Archaea that have an optimum growth temperature of 80C or higher
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| Generation time | The time required for a population to double in number
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| growth curve | A graph that plots the number of bacteria growing in a population over time
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| growth factors | Small amounts of certain organic chemicals that they cannot synthesize
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| Halophiles | Salt loving bacteria
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| Hydroxyl radicals | Molecules resulting from ionizing radiation and from the incomplete reduction of hydrogen peroxide
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| Lag phase | The time interval in a bacterial growth curve when there is no growth
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| lithotrophs | These organisms acquire electrons from inorganic sources
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| Log phase | Exponential growth
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| Lyophilization | Freeze drying
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| Mesophiles | These bacteria grow best between about 10C and 50C
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| Nutrient | Any chemical required for growth of microbial populations
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| Obligate aerobes | These microbes require oxygen as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain
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| Obligate anaerobe | This type of anaerobe is killed in the presence of oxygen
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| Optimum growth temperature | The temperature at which a species grows best
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| organotrophs | These organisms acquire electrons from organic sources
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| Peroxidase | An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water.
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| Peroxide anion | A component of hydrogen peroxide, which is formed during reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase
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| Photoautotrophs | These organisms use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and use light as an energy source
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| Photoheterotrophs | These organisms acquire energy from light and acquire nutrients via catabolism of organic compounds.
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| Plasmolysis | Loss of water from a cell in a hypertonic environment
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| Psychro | The prefix that means cold
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| quorum sensing | A process in which bacteria respond to the density of nearby bacteria
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| Selective | Media that is designed to suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of desired microbes
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| Singlet | Normal molecular oxygen that has been boosted into a higher energy state and is extremely reactive
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| Stationary phase | The period in a bacterial growth curve when the number of cells dividing equals the number dying
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| sterile | Free of any microbial contaminants
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| Superoxide radicals | Molecules formed during the incomplete reduction of oxygen during electron transport in aerobes and during metabolism by anaerobes in the presence of oxygen
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| Thermophiles | Heat loving bacteria
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| Traceelements | A chemical element required in small amount for growth
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