Bones of the Skull
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| Definition of Suture? | Immovable joints that form the articulation point for bones of the cranial skeleton
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| What are the two divisions of the bones of the skull? | Facial Skeleton and Cranial Skeleton
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| True or False: The mandible begins as a paired bone, but fuses into a single bone early in life. | True: this facial bone begins as a paired bone, but fuses into a single bone early in life
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| What are the parts of the Mandible? | [BAARCC];Body, Alveolar arch, Angle, Ramus, Coronoid Process, and the Condylar Process
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| What is the alveolar arch? | Ridge of the mandible that houses the teeth
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| What is the "angle" of the mandible? | Point on the mandible where the arch stops and changes direction
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| Describe the ramus of the mandible | Part of mandible that is a superior, lateral, and posterior projection of the arch
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| Describe the coronoid process of the mandible | Anterior process at the top of the ramus; point of muscle attachment
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| Describe the condylar process of the mandible | Posterior process at the top of the ramus; point of articulation with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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| What facial structures does maxillae contribute to the formation of? | The roof of the mouth, the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbits
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| Which bony processes are included in maxillae? | This area of paired bone includes the Zygomatic Process, Frontal Process, Palatine Process, Alveolar Process
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| Describe the location and articulation point of the zygomatic process of maxillae | This process is located between anterior and posterior surfaces on lateral aspect of the bone; directed superiorly and laterally to articulate with the Zygomatic bone.
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| Describe the location and articulation point of the frontal process of maxillae | process that is a superiorly directed plate on the anterior surface; articulates with the frontal bone.
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| Describe the location and articulation point of the palatine process of maxillae | Horizontal plate directed medially; articulates with opposite side to form anterior 2/3 – ¾ of the hard palate
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| Describe the location and articulation point of the alveolar process of maxillae | Inferiorly directed process that contains the teeth
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| What structure do the nasal bones form? | The bridge of the nose is formed by these bones
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| Where do the nasal bones lie with respect to the frontal process of maxillae? | These bones lie medially to the frontal processes of the maxillae
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| What bone(s)do the nasal bones articulate with? | These bones articulate with the frontal bone, maxillae, and other bones of the nose
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| Where are the palatine bones located? | Bones located at the back of the nasal cavity
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| What structures do the palatine bones contribute to? | Contribute to the posterior floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, posterior ¼ of the hard palate, and floor of the orbits
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| What is the Posterior Nasal Spine? | Posterior directed projection of the palatine bones; a landmark for x-rays.
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| Describe the defining feature of the lacrimal bones and their location | They are the smallest of the facial bones;
they form part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity
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| Zygomatic Arch formed by? | Formed by zygomatic process of maxillae and temporal bones
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| What are the four processes of the zygomatic bones | [MOFT] Maxillary, Orbital, Frontosphenoidal, Temporal
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| The Inferior Nasal Conchae makes up most of what area? | makes up most of the inferior part of the lateral nasal walls.
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| What are the articulation points of the Inferior Nasal Conchae? | Articulates anteriorly with the maxillae and posteriorly with the palatine bones
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| Describe the location of the vomer | Inferior half of the bony nasal septum
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| What are the articulation points of the vomer? | Articulates inferiorly with the maxillae and palatine bones; Anterior border articulates with the cartilaginous septum of the nose
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| What are the bones that comprise the cranial skeleton? | [EFPOTS] Ethmoid, Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Sphenoid
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| How many bones does the ethmoid articulate with? | Articulates with 15 bones (all facial the bones + frontal & sphenoid): frontal, sphenoid, nasals, lacrimals, vomer, palatines, inferior nasal Conchae, zygomatics, maxillae
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| What parts of the facial structure does the ethmoid bone contribute to? | Contributes to the orbits and nasal cavities
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| What are the parts of the ethmoid bone? | Cribiform Plate, Crista Galli, Labyrinth, Conchae
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| Describe the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone and its location | Horizontal plates that separate cranial and nasal cavities; forms roof of the nasal cavities
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| Describe the crista galli of the ethmoid bone and its location | Superior projection from Cribiform plate; triangular process that separates the cranial hemisphere
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| Describe the ethmoid labyrinth of the ethmoid bone | Portion of ethmoid bone: thin walled, with variable air pockets
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| Describe the ethmoid conchae and the facial structure formed by them | Medial surface of the Ethmoid labyrinth; comprised of two lateral plates that house the superior and medial nasal Conchae; forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
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| What portion of the brain case is formed by the frontal bone? | Forms the anterior part of the brain case
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| What structures does the frontal bone contribute to? | Consists of a vertical plate (forehead) and horizontal aspect that contributes to the roof of the orbit and nasal cavities
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| What is the ethmoid notch? | Midline notch of the frontal bone that articulates with the ethmoid bone
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| Describe the location and articulation point of the zygomatic process of maxillae | Process lateral to the orbital surfaces for articulation with zygomatic bone
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| What are the structures of the frontal bone? | ethmoid notch, zygomatic process, frontal spine, supraorbital rim
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| What is the name of the suture at which the two parietal bones articulate? | Sagittal suture is articulation point for these bones
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| What is the name of the suture at which the two parietal bones articulate with the frontal bone? | Articulates with the frontal bone at the coronal suture
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| Which portion(s) of the cranium is/are formed by the occipital bone? | This bone forms the inferior and posterior portions of the cranium
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| Which cranial bone articulates with the parietal bones at the lamboid suture? | The occipital bone articulates with the parietal bones at this suture
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| What is the location and purpose of the foramen magnum? | This large opening is located in the occipital bone at base of skull; opening for the spinal cord
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| Where are the lateral condyles located, and what is their function? | Located on either side of the foramen magnum; for articulation with C1
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| What portion(s) of the cranium is/are formed by the temporal bones? | These bones form the lateral base and some of the sides of the cranium
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| What are the 3 portions of the temporal bone? | Squamous portion, petrous portion and tympanic portion
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| The zygomatic process extends from which portion of the Temporal bone? | The squamous portion of the temporal bone includes this long bony process
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| Describe the location of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. | located at lateral, anterior, and superior aspects of temporal bone
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| What bony process does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulate with? | articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
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| Describe the location and key features of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. | Located at the base of the skull; houses essential organs of hearing and balance; also includes the mastoid process – point of muscle attachment.
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| Describe the location of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. | Temporal bone portion located anterior to the mastoid process and inferior to the squamous and petrous portions of temporal bone.
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| Describe the key features of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. | This temporal bone portion forms part of the external auditory canal & includes the styloid process.
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| What are the articulation points of the sphenoid bone? | Complex cranial bone that articulates with all the bones of the cranial skeleton and three bones of the facial skeleton: vomer, palatines, and zygomatics.
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| What are the parts of the sphenoid bone? | body, greater wings, lesser wings, pterygoid processes
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| The body of the sphenoid forms the posterior wall of which cavity? | the body of this bone forms the posterior wall of the nasal cavity
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| The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone contribute to what facial feature? | Portion of sphenoid bone that contributes to the inferior wall of the orbits
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| The greater wings of the sphenoid bone contribute to what facial feature? | This bony feature forms posterior ½ of the lateral orbital wall.
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| Function of the Pterygoid Processes? | For attachment of Pterygoid muscles.
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| Pterygoid Processes composed of? | Lateral and Medial Pterygoid
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| What are the cavities of the vocal tract? | [BONP] buccal, oral, nasal, pharynx
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| What are the extents of the buccal cavity? | Small space that is limited by the lips and cheeks externally and by the gums and teeth internally
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| What are the boundaries of the oral cavity? | Cavity bound anteriorly and laterally by the teeth and alveolar processes; superiorly by the hard and soft palates; posteriorly by the anterior faucial pillars; inferiorly by the floor of the mouth
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| What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity? | Divided sagittally by the bony and cartilaginous nasal septum; bound anteriorly by the nares; inferiorly by the floor of the nose (roof of the mouth); posteriorly by the nasopharyngeal wall
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| What is the function of the nasal conchae? | increases surface area of lateral nasal wall
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| Description and location of the pharynx? | Musculomembranous tube that courses from the base of the skull to the bottom of the cricoid cartilage.
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| What are the parts of the pharynx? | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
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| Location of the nasopharynx? | Portion of pharynx located above the soft palate
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| Extents of oropharynx? | This portion of pharynx extends from soft palate to the hyoid bone
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| Extents of laryngopharynx? | This portion of pharynx extends from hyoid to the esophagus
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