AP Gov. Ch 10
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| What is the major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns? | Presidential- more competitive, larger (more popular), funded by private and public money Congressional- incumbents usually win, congress members can take credit for service in ways that a president cannot, can seperate themselves from controversy
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| What is the first goal of an individual planning to run for office? | Getting mentioned
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| How often does the Constitution call for reapportionment? | every 10 years
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| What are the reasons why the approach used by a candidate in a general election may not work in a primary? | A primary candidate must appeal to the ideologically strident activists
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| What is true about television spot ads in general elections? | they have little effect over the election
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| How can a candidate avoid slips of the tongue during campaigns? | stock speeches
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| How are presidential campaigns funded? Congressional campaigns? | Congressional- individuals, PACs, & parties
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| How does a candidate receive federal matching funds? | appeal to small donors- raise $20,000 in each of 5 states in contributions of $250 or less
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| Where does the red dominate? Blue? | Democrat (blue)- New England, Oregon, Washington Republican (red) - almost everything else
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| Describe the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act of 2002 | Banned soft money, increased individual contributions to 2000 per candidate and restricted limited expenditures
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| What are the advantages the incumbents have over challengers? | franking privilege
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| Democrats would win every election if the only factor was | party identification
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| Describe prospective voting and retrospective voting and give examples. | Prospective voting- voting because you favor his or her ideas for addressing issues Retrospective voting- basing your vote on past performance. generally helps an incumbent except when the economy worsens
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| Do campaigns make a difference? Why? | Yes,
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| What election brought about wide scale adoption of social assistance? | 1964
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| Describe the differences between Republican and Democrats and their voting patterns. |
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| If there was a single decisive issue in an election what would it be? | Terrorism and National Security
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| How much can a PAC give a candidate per election and how many members must a PAC have? | 5000- each candidate, 50 members
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| Describe position and valence issues and give examples. | Position- rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters. Valence- candidate fully supports the public’s view on a matter about which nearly everybody is in agreement (increased in importance in campaigns in recent years)
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| Summarize what we know about money and winning in presidential and congressional campaigns. | Presidential- not a very good predictor of who wins or loses- both of the major party candidates have about the same amount. Congressional- excellent predictor of who wins or loses
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| If more people identify with the Democratic party than the Republican party, why have Republicans won more recent presidential elections? | Democrats less firmly wed to their party, Republicans do better with independent voters, higher percentage of Republicans vote in elections.
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| Primary | used to select a party's candidate for office. involves individual voters going to the polls to make a selection of their party's candidate. those who participate are more extreme ideologically than the rest of the population
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| General election | candidates focus on big states with a large number of electoral college votes.
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