CM- Derm -9- part two Skin papules
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| benign neoplasm of keratinocytes of unknown pathogenesis and is most common in geriatric population | seborrheic keratoses
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| a warty, brown stuck on appearing papule on any cutaneous surface except palms and soles | seborrheic keratoses
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| What is the treatment for seborrheic keratoses | optional; destruction or surgical removal no reimbursable under medicare guidelines so let patient know that
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| benign accumulation of nevus cells that develops during puberty and evolves over lifetime | Acquired melanocytic Nevi (moles, nevocellular nevi)
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| A cell of pigmented cutaneous whose abscence of dendrites differentiates it from a melanocyte | nevus cell
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| What type of acquired melanocytic nevi are there | junctional, compound, intradermal,
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| what is the treatment for acquired melanocytic nevi | optional; excision
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| accumulation of nevus cells in skin present from birth typed small, medium or large | congenital nevi
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| what is the treatment for congenital nevi | more necessary in larger lesions, serial excisions vs laser removal
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| what can occur with congenital nevi | they can have hair growth that is large and out of place that can hide cancer development
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| what are large congenital nevi on the neck, head or posterior midline associated with | generally associated with underlying malformations usually asymptomatic but can be associated with seizures, hydrocephalus, and neurological defects
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| how is the risk of developing melanoma associated with congenital nevus | the risk of developing melanoma is proportional to the size of the congenital nevus also large nevi can hide the developing melanoma
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| benign increase of melanin in the basal layer of the epidermis present by age 3 after uv exposure | Freckles (ephilides)
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| How do freckles relate to skin cancer | they are a marker for susceptibility to skin cancer
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| what are the optional treatments for freckles | bleaching creams, chemical peels, laser removal
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| flat sharply demarcated evenly pigmented spots that are usually oval where the long axis of the oval is situated along a cutaneous nerve tract | cafe au lait spots
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| What do cafe au lait spots look like and when do they present | light to medium brown spots that usually present at birth or a little later.
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| What causes cafe au lait spots | increase in melanin content with the presence of giant melanasomes
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| specific type of leumoderma characterized by depigmentation of the epidermis | vitiligo
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| It is an acquired progressive disorder in which some or all of the melanocytes in the interfollicular epidermis and occasionlay in the hair follicles are selectively destroyed | vitiligo
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| What is the rate of vitilgo | 1-2% about 30% of cases are with familial clustering
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| What are the clinical featurs of vitiligo this is a long paragraph just read it and make sure you understand it | At first, only a few, small, and sharply circumscribed foci are present w/ hyperpigmented borders.
Lesions increase in number and become confluent, taking on bizarre shapes.
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| How can vitiligo present on the body IE how much can it cover | can be localized or generalized
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| where are the most common sites for vitiligo | face, neck and scalp
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| benign increase in melanin in basal layer of epidermis usually in patches on cheeks, chin and forehead of young women | melasma
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| what is the treatment for melasma | change or stop causal medication, bleaching creams, chemical peel, lase removal, SUNSCREEN
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| Classified as simple; benign increase in melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis or Solar; increased melanin production | lentigines Singular or Solar
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| What is the cause of lentigines | UVA
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| What is the treatment for Lentigines | optional; bleaching creams, chemical peel, laser removal
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| apart from the epidermis what other body part can be affected by generalized vitiligo | mucus membranes
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| Apart from the face neck and scalp where does vitiligo often occur | around body orifices such as lips, genitals, gingiva, areolas, and nipples
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| Another presentation of vitiligo where the hair may depigment as well | vitiliginous macule
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| how does vitiligo of the scalp generally appear | as a localized patch of white or gray hair but total depigmentation fo the scalp may occur
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