Physical Science: 8th Grade: Chapter 3
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| ____ is the amount of mass per unit volume of a material. | Density
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| The equation for density is: ____/volume | mass
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| If you know any two values in the density equation, you can calculate the third value. For example, if you know an object’s mass and density, you can calculate the object’s ___. | volume
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| Density depends on the ___ of which an object is made, not the size of the object. | material
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| The density of a material depends on the ___ of the particles (such as atoms or molecules) that make up the material. | mass
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| The more massive the particles, the ___ the density of the material. | higher
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| The density of a material depends on the ___ between the particles in the material. | distance
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| The farther apart the particles, the ___ the density of the material. | lower
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| Because the distance between particles of a gas increases as the gas is heated, the density of a gas ___ as it is heated. | decreases
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| The density of a gas changes greatly as its ___ changes. | temperature
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| To measure the density of an object, you first need to measure both its mass and its ___. | volume
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| The mass of an object can be measured with a ___. | balance
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| To measure the mass of a substance that requires a container, subtract the mass of the ___ ___ from the total mass. | empty container
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| The volume of a liquid can be measured with a ___ ___. | graduated cylinder
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| A ___ ___ is a six-faced block in which all faces are rectangular. | rectangular solid
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| The volume of a rectangular solid is equal to its length multiplied by its width multiplied by its ___. | height
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| For an object with an irregular shape, one way to measure its volume is to place it in aliquid and measure the volume of liquid the object ___, or pushes aside. | displaces
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| Once you have measured the mass and volume of an object or material, you can calculate its ___ by dividing its mass by its volume. | density
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| Density is a physical property, which means that you can measure it without changing the___ of the material whose density is being measured. | composition
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| A ___ is a material that can flow and has no definite shape. | fluid
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| ___ and gases are fluids. | Liquids
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| Fluids can exert ___. | forces
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| ___ is the force per unit of area applied on the surface of an object. | Pressure
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| Pressure depends on the area over which a force is exerted. If the area increases, thepressure ___. | decreases
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| Pressure depends on the size of the force. When ___ increases, pressure also increases. | force
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| The equation for pressure is P = force/_____ | area
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| The SI unit of pressure is the ___, abbreviated Pa. | pascal
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| A pressure of 1 Pa is equal to a force of1 N applied over an ___ of 1 m2 | area
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| For any liquid in a container of any shape, the pressure depends only on the height of the ___ of liquid above the surface where you measure the pressure. | column
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| The deeper underwater you go, the ___ the pressure is on you. | greater
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| Pressure increases with depth because as you go deeper, the column of water above you gets ___. | taller
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| In a fluid, pressure is exerted on all points on the outside of an object in a direction ___ to the surface of the object at that point. | perpendicular
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| A gas, like any ___, exerts pressure on an object. | fluid
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| Pressure depends on the ___ of thegas above the object. | height
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| ___ ___ is the force exerted per unit area by air particles. | Atmospheric pressure
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| As you climb, or increase your elevation, atmospheric pressure ___. | decreases
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| Atmospheric pressure at sea level is caused by a large weight of gas, but is difficult to notice because there is an equal, ___ pressure pushing out from the inside of your body. | internal
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| The ___ ___ is the net upward force exerted on an object in a fluid by the surrounding fluid. | buoyant force
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| In a fluid, there is no net ___ force on an object caused by pressure from the fluid. | horizontal
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| Because in a fluid, pressure increases with depth, the force of the fluid pushing up on the bottom of an object is always ___ than the force of the fluid pushing down on the top of the same object. | greater
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| The size of the ___ force does not depend on depth. | buoyant
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| ___ ___ states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces. | Archimedes’ principle
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| Whether an object sinks or floats depends on the relative size of the buoyant force on theobject and the ___ of the object. | weight
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| If the buoyant force on an object is less than the object’s weight, the net force on the object is ___ and the object will accelerate downward, or sink. | downward
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| When an object is ___, it is not accelerating vertically, which means that the upward (or buoyant) force and the downward forces on it are the same. | floating
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| An object will float if it is less dense than the ___ around it. | fluid
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| Metal boats float because they contain ___, which makes their total density less than the water around them. | air
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| A ___ is an instrument that measures the density of a fluid. | hydrometer
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| In a less dense fluid, a hydrometer displaces more fluid and floats ___ than in a denser fluid. | lower
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| In a denser fluid, a hydrometer displaces less fluid and floats ___. | higher
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| Like any fluid, air exerts ___ on things around it. | pressure
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| If the buoyant force due to air pressure on an object is large enough, the object can ___ in air. | float
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| Helium gas is ___ dense than nitrogen gas and oxygen gas, which are the main components of air. | less
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| When a balloon is filled with helium, it is less dense than the air around it, and so the balloon ___. | floats
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| Whether a hot-air balloon rises or falls can be controlled by changing the density of the ___ inside the balloon. | air
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| Using a burner to heat the air in a hot-air balloon causes those air molecules to move___ ___ from each other, so that air becomes less dense than the air around theballoon. | farther apart
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| When the air in a hot-air balloon ___, it becomes as dense as the air around the balloon. The total density of the hot-air balloon is then greater than the air around it, and the balloon sinks. | cools
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