Vocabulary Terminology for Chapter 11 in Friendly Biology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| The making of a protein is | protein synthesis
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| 1st step in protein synthesis is | the unzipping of the desired DNA by enzymes
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| the instructions or "recipe" for making proteins is found in | DNA or genes
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| DNA segment used for creating proteins is found in what part of the cell | Nucleus
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| The four nitrogen bases found in DNA are | Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
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| What determines the type of protein synthesized | the sequence of the bases
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| What unzips or opens the DNA for protein creation | enzymes
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| Once the DNA is unzipped by enzymes what is exposed | base pairs
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| What can be formed to make a copy of the sequence of of the exposed base pairs | RNA
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| RNA stands for | ribonucleic acid
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| Unlike DNA, RNA doesn't have the base Thymine, it has | Uracil
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| How many strands does RNA have | one or single
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| When RNA molecules align with exposed DNA bases, the RNA base Uracil bonds with | Adenine
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| The RNA that forms on the DNA bases takes on the name | mRNA or messenger RNA
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| The formation of mRNA takes place in nucleus of the cell whereas protein synthesis takes place in what part of the cell | cytoplasm
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| proteins get built or assembled in what part of the cell | ribosomes, which are found on the rough ER or endoplasmic reticulum
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| The mRNA strand codes for specific amino acids because it can be divided into three-base segments known as | Codons
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| At the ribosome, amino acids available are "tagged" with | tRNA or transfer RNA
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| The available amino acids when they ready to be assembled into proteins have segments of tRNA attached and they align themselves with segments of | mRNA
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| The tRNA is specific for each amino acid and acts like a | key
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| The tRNA will only fit the appropriate sequence of mRNA and mRNA acts like a | lock
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| The tRNA is in sets of how many base pairs | 3
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| These 3 based pairs in tRNA is called | anticodon
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| Transcription is | The process in which information is communicated from DNA to mRNA within the nucleus
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| Translation is | The process in which information is communicated from mRNA to the ribosomes
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| Amino acids align to mRNA and form what kind of bond | peptide
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| What causes the peptide bond to form between amino acids and mRNA | enzymes
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| When DNA is damaged or altered, then the proteins made from this DNA may | NOT work or function correctly
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| Damaged or altered DNA is known as | genetic mutation
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| Causes of mutations are called | mutagens or teratogens
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| Radiation or energy from the sun is an example of what | mutagen
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| cells that change their behavior due to altered DNA may become | cancer cells
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| Cancer cells are treated with radiation in an attempt to cause | mutations in the DNA leading to their destruction
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