Science Olymiad2009-2010
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster | an aggregation of cases over a particular period closely grouped in time and space, regardless of whether the number is more than the expected number
🗑
|
||||
| Outbreak | more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area or among a specialized group of people over a particular period of time
🗑
|
||||
| Epidemic | large numbers of people over a wide geographical area affected
🗑
|
||||
| Pandemic | an epidemic occurring over several countries or continents and affected a large proportion of the population
🗑
|
||||
| Surveillance | The systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data.
🗑
|
||||
| Plague | A serious, potentially life-threatening infectious disease that is usually transmitted to humans by the bites of rodent fleas.
🗑
|
||||
| Epidemiological Triad | Agent/host/Enviornment
🗑
|
||||
| Ecological studies | comparisons of geographical locations
🗑
|
||||
| Cross sectional study | a survey "snapshot in time"
🗑
|
||||
| Case-control | Compare pople with and without disease to find common exposure
🗑
|
||||
| Cohort | compare people with and without exposures to see what happens to each
🗑
|
||||
| Randomized controlled trial | human experiment
🗑
|
||||
| Odds Ratio | used in case-control study, ad/bc
🗑
|
||||
| Relative Risk | used in cohort study, (a/(a+b))/(c/(c+d))
🗑
|
||||
| Epi-Curve | histogram that shows the course of an outbreak by plotting the number of cases of a condition according to the time of onset.
🗑
|
||||
| Point Source | exposed to the same exposure over a limited, well define period of time. The shape of the curve commonly rises rapidly and contains a definite peak, followed by a gradual decline.
🗑
|
||||
| Continuous common source | exposure to the source is prolonged over an extended period of time and may occur over more than one incubation period.
🗑
|
||||
| Propagated (progressive source) | case of disease serves later as a source of infection for subsequent cases and those subsequent cases, in turn, serve as sources for later cases. The shape of this curve usually contains a series of successively larger peaks,
🗑
|
||||
| Chain of infection | Agent-reservoir-portal of exit-mode of transmission-portal of entry-susceptible host
🗑
|
||||
| Agent | A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease
🗑
|
||||
| Reservoir | A place where agents can thrive and reproduce
🗑
|
||||
| Portal of Exit | A place of exit providing a way for an agent to leave the reservoir
🗑
|
||||
| Mode of Transmission | Method of transfer by which the organism moves or is carried from one place to another.
🗑
|
||||
| Portal of Entry | An opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.
🗑
|
||||
| Susceptible Host | A person who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying, and resulting in infection.
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of Agents | Infectivity,Pathogenicity, Virulence
🗑
|
||||
| Infectivity | capacity to cause infection in a susceptible host
🗑
|
||||
| Virulence | severity of disease that the agent causes to host
🗑
|
||||
| Pathogenicity | capacity to cause disease in a host
🗑
|
||||
| Direct transmission | immediate transfer of agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread.
kissing, inhalation, Sexual contact
🗑
|
||||
| Indirect transmission | agent is carried from reservoir to a susceptible host by suspended air particles, vectors, or vehicles
🗑
|
||||
| Vector | animate intermediary- misquitos, fleas, flies
🗑
|
||||
| Formite/vehicles | inanimate intermediary-comb, doorknob
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical transmission | no multiplication or change of the agent within the vector
🗑
|
||||
| Biological transmission | when the agent undergoes changes within the vector, and the vector serves as both an intermediate host and a mode of transmission
🗑
|
||||
| Prevention | Primary-avoid initial exposure to prevent process form starting
Secondary-when disease has just begun-screening and instituting treatment-to prevent progression
Tertiary-during symptomatic stage-arrest, slow, or reverse the progression of disease
🗑
|
||||
| 1 | Prepare for Field Work
🗑
|
||||
| 2 |
Establish the Existence of an Outbreak
🗑
|
||||
| 3 | Verify the Diagnosis
🗑
|
||||
| 4 | Define and Identify Cases
🗑
|
||||
| 5 | Describe and Orient the Data in Terms of Person, Place, and Time
🗑
|
||||
| 6 | Develop Hypotheses
🗑
|
||||
| 7 | Evaluate Hypotheses
🗑
|
||||
| 8 | Refine Hypotheses and Carry Out Additional Studies
🗑
|
||||
| 9 | Implement Control and Prevention Measures
🗑
|
||||
| 10 | Communicate Findings
🗑
|
||||
| epidemiology | the study of incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population
🗑
|
||||
| Incidence | the number of new cases arising in a given period of time in a specified group of people (population).
🗑
|
||||
| Incidence Rate | All cases/total population
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ironchef48
Popular Science sets