Lab values for test, function and alterations
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| White blood cell count (WBC) | 4500-10,000 mm3
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| Function of WBC | -Total leukocyte count
-Sub divided into 5 types in differential
-Determines the presence of infection
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| Decreased alterations in WBC | Viral infections, anemia, drugs
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| Increased alterations in WBC | Acute infection, tissue necrosis, leukemia, drugs
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| Hgb | M-13.5-18 g/dl
F-12-15
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| Function of Hgb | Iron component of RBC that carries O2
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| Decreased alterations in Hgb | Anemia, hemorrhage, leukemia, over-hydration
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| Increased alterations in Hgb | Dehydration, COPD, heart failure
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| Hct | M-40-54%
F-36-46%
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| Function of Hct | Measures the concentration of RBCs found in 100ml of blood
3:1 relationship with Hgb 3hct:1hgb
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| Decreased alterations in hct | Anemia, hemorrhage, leukemia, overhydration
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| Increased alterations in hct | Dehydration, COPD, heart failure
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| Platelet count | 150,000 - 400,000
Critical Values: <50,000 risk for not being able to clot, <20,000 risk for spontaneous bleeding
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| FUnction of Platelet | Basic elements in blood to promote coagulation
Clump and stick to rough surfaces
Asprin makes platelets less sticky.
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| Decreased alteration in Platelet count | Leukemia, cancer, anemia, autoimmune disease, DIC
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| Increased alteration in platelet count | trauma, surgery, metastatic cancer
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| Glucose | Fasting blood sugar--70-110mg/dl
Elderly 70-120mg/dl
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| Function of glucose | -Main energy source
-Regulated by glucagons and insulin
-Used to diagnose diabetes and monitor oral hypoglycemic drugs.
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| Decreased alterations in glucose | adrenal hypofunction, liver disease
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| Increased alterations in glucose | Diabetes mellitus, adrenal hyperfunction, stress, drugs
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| Electrolytes | Sodium (Na+)
Chloride (Cl)
Potassium (K+)
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| Na+ | 135-145mEq/L
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| Cl | 95-105mEq/L
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| K+ | 3.5-5.3mEq/L
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| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 5-25 mg/dl
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| Function of BUN | -End product of protein metabolism
-Excreted by the kidneys
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| Decreased alterations in BUN | severe liver damage, low-protein diet, overhydreation
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| Increased alterations in BUN | dehydration, high-protein diet, prerenal and renal failure, drugs
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| Creatinine | 0.5-1.5mg/dl
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| Function of creatinine | -From the breakdown of muscle
-Amount of creatinine proportional to muscle mass.
-NOT influenced by hydration and diet
-More sensitive indicator for kidney function.
-Evaluates glolmerular function
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| What type of body fluid or tissue is a Culture and Sensitivity able to test? | Any body fluid or tissue
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| A culture identifies what? | The presence and type of microorganism.
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| How long does a culture take? | 24 to 72 hrs
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| Sensitivity identifies what? | The antibiotic that will inhibit the growth of the bacteria.
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| Resistant (R) | The antibiotic does not inhibit growth of microorganism.
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| Intermediate (I) | Bacterial growth retardation is inconclusive
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| Sensitive (S) | The antibiotic is effective in inhibiting growth of microorganism.
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| When does a consent need to be signed? | When Pt is recieving a diagnostic test with a contrast medium or invasive procedure.
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| Post-test nursing care after an angiogram | -VS
-Monitor pulses, color and temp. distal to catheter insertion site.
-Assess catheter insertion site, apply pressure if needed.
-Enforce bedrest
-Monitor for delayed allergic reactions to contrast.
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| What is an MRI best used for viewing? | -Soft tissue
-Central nervous system
-Joints
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