Brain tumors
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| Tumors inside brain substance | Gliomas and vascular tumors
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| Tumors outside brain substance | Meningiomas and cranial nerve tumors
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| Malignancy of astrocytomas | Moderately malignant grades I and II (glia cells and astrocytes)
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| Malignancy of glioblastomas | Highly malignant and invasive grade III and IV(primitive stem cell)
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| What is a meningioma? | endothelial cells, 20% tumors, benign and encapsulated
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| What is a neuroma? | 5% tumors, benign or low-grade malignancy, encapsulated
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| What is a vascular tumor? | 3% tumors, benign, overgrowth of arteries and veins
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| What is a pituatary adenoma? | 10% tumors, benign
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| What are the local destructive effects of a tumor? | accumulation of metabolites, displacement of structures, obstruction of CSF flow and effects of edema and ICP on cerebral function
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| Symptoms of frontal lobe tumor | memory deficit, personality and judgment changes, visual disturbances, seizures
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| Symptoms of parietal lobe tumor | speech disturbances (if on dominant hemisphere), inability to write, spatial disorders
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| Symptoms of occipital lobe tumor | seizures, blindness
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| Symptoms of temporal lobe tumor | seizures, dysphagia
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| Symptoms of metastatic tumors | headache, n/v
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| Symptoms of thalamus tumor | headache, nausea, vision disturbances, papilledema, nystagmus, DI
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| Symptoms of cerebellopontine tumors | tinnitus, vertigo, deafness
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| Symptoms of brainstem tumor | headache, drowsiness, vomiting, ataxic gait, facial muscle weakness, hearing loss, dysphagia, crossed eyes, hemiparesis
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| Symptoms of a spinal cord tumor | depends on nerve
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| Diagnosis of brain tumor | MRI, CT, PET, LP, EEG, brain scan, cerebral angiography, myelogram
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| Pharmacologic treatment | BCNU, methotrexate, corticosteroids
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| Side effects of cranial surgery | seizures, DI, increased ICP, CSF leak
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| Temozolamide (Temodar) | 1st oral chemotherapeutic agent that crosses blood/brain barrier
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