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Ultrasonics LVL 2

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Question
Answer
show Lamb Waves  
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show all  
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show Long  
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show energy coupled and reflected at interface  
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"When angle beam contact testing , increasing the incident angle until the second critical angle is reached results in__________.", surface wave reflection 45° refraction of a shear wave Production of a surface wave None of above,   show
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Acoustic energy propagates and different modes. Which of the following represents a mode?, A longitudinal wave. Shear wave, surface wave,   show
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The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of __________., Reflection magnification refraction diffraction   show
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show higher the frequency  
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The random distribution of crystallographic direction in Alloys with large crystalline structures is a factor in determining ______________., acoustic noise levels selection of test frequency scattering of sound all of above,   show
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The length of the Zone adjacent to a transducer in which functions and sound pressure occur is most likely affected by ________________., frequency of the transducer dia of transducer length of 'ducer cable both A and B,   show
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The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by _____________., Material attenuation beam divergence Near Field effects all of above,   show
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It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than transducer to produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the transducer is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the _____., Fraunhofer zone Near field Snell field Shadow zone,   show
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"In immersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by___________.", increasing transducer frequency using a large-diameter transducer using an appropriate water path using a focused transducer,   show
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show Maximum at  
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show conversion from the longitudinal mode to shear mode  
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Where does beam Divergence occur?, Near field Far field At the crystal No-one of the above,   show
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show Decreases  
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show Increases  
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"When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what testing method is most often used?", angle beam Through-transmission straight beam dual crystal,   show
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show less than 45°  
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show close to or on the surface  
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The ultrasonic testing technique in which finger damping is most effective in locating a discontinuity is the _____________., Shear wave technique longitudinal wave technique surface wave technique compressional wave technique,   show
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Lamb waves can be used to detect ______________., laminar-type defects near the surface of the thin material lack of fusion in the center of a thick weldment internal voids in diffusion bonds thickness changes in heavy plate material,   show
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The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that of aluminum or steel is approximately _____________., 1:8 1:4 1:3 1:2,   show
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What scanning methods could be classed as an immersion type test?, Immersion Tank squirter bubbler method a wheel type transducer all of the above,   show
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show reduce velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen  
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show Snell's law  
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"Interface between two different materials, impedance difference results in __________.", reflection of entire incident energy at interface absorption of sound division of sound energy into transmitted and reflective modes none of the above,   show
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show all of the above  
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show All of the above  
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show partial or total loss of back reflection  
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show is greater than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece  
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show The discontinuity's length in the direction of the transducer travel  
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show clock  
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"In A-scan, the 'dead zone' refers to ____________.", Distance contained in the near field Area outside the beam spread Distance covered by front surface pulse width and recovery time the area between the near field & far field,   show
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show signal amplitude  
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show C-scan  
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"An immersion testing in a small tank, and manually operated manipulator is used to _______________.", set the proper water path set the proper transducer angle set the proper index function complete both A and B,   show
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show All of the above  
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show support the manipulator & scanner tube & to move it about transfersely & longitudinally  
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"When adjusting the flaw locating rule for a Shear wave weld inspection, the zero point on the rule must coincide with the ________________.", sound beam exit point of the wedge point directly over the flaw wheel transducer circular scanner,   show
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show a wheel transducer  
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show a sharp indication  
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show distance amplitude correction (DAC)  
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Which of the following is a reference reflector that is not dependent on beam angle?, a flat bottom hole a vee notch a side drilled hole which is parallel to the plate surface & perpendicular to the sound path a disk-shaped laminar reflector,   show
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"During a straight beam ultrasonic test, a discontinuity indication is detected that is small in amplitude compared to the loss in amplitude of back reflection. The orientation of this discontinuity is probably _____________.", parallel to the test surf   show
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show small in proportion to the length of the discontinuity  
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Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other shapes parallel to the surface by _____________., rolling machining casting welding,   show
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show The far field zone  
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show All of the above  
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show loss or lack of a received discontinuity echo  
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show increases  
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show area amplitude standards  
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The angle at which 90° refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called _____________., The angle of incidence The first critical angle the angle of maximum reflection the second critical angle,   show
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show amplifier circuit  
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show All of the above  
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The vertical linear range of a test instrument may be determined by obtaining ultrasonic responses from __________., a set of distance amplitude reference blocks steel balls located at several different water path distances a set of area amplitude re   show
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Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result in ___________., a decreased or loss of back surface reflection large 'hash' or noise indications the decrease in penetration all of the above,   show
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show attenuation  
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Delay-tip (stand-off) type contact transducers are primary used for _________., defect detection Sound wave characterization thickness measurement or flaw detection in thin materials attenuation measurements,   show
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show convex lens  
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show shear  
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The angle at which 90° refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the __________., first critical angle second critical angle third critical angle angle of reflection,   show
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"For aluminum and steel, the longitudinal velocity is approximately ________ the shear velocity.", equal to twice half of four times,   show
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show such that the second front reflection does not appear between the first front and back reflections  
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show an electronic gate  
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show coarse grains in the structure  
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show Longitudinal waves from the end of the cylinder & perpendicular to the direction of the thread roots  
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show equal to the thickness of the material, equal to the water travel distance used in setting up on the reference standards  
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show refraction  
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The process of adjusting an instrument or device to a reference standard is referred to as _________., Angulation Scanning Correcting for distance amplitude variation Calibration,   show
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show a cathode ray tube  
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show crystal mosaic  
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show equal to the angle of incidence  
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The angular position of the reflecting surface of a planar discontinuity with respect to the entry surface is referred to as __________., The angle of incidence The angle of refraction the orientation of the discontinuity None of the above,   show
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show a pulse  
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show pulse length or width  
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The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changes direction of its propagation within the same medium is referred to as_______________. Divergence, impedance angulation reflection   show
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show refraction  
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show UT instrument display  
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Which of the following modes of vibration exhibits the shortest wavelength at a given frequency and in a given material? A longitudinal wave compression wave shear wave surface wave,   show
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show Longitudinal waves  
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show Straight beam testing  
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show Wavelength  
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show Velocity  
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A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid is referred to as ____________., A couplant An ultrasonic dampener A wetting agent None of the above   show
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show Piezoelectric principles  
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"Mechanical and electrical stability, insolubility in liquids, and resistance to aging are three advantages of transducers made of_______________." Lithium sulfate Barium titanate Quartz Rochelle salts   show
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show All of the above"  
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"If UT wave is transmitted thru interface- first mtl higher acoustic impedance but same velocity as second mtl, refraction angle will be _____________.", Greater than Less than same as the angle of incidence Beyond the critical angle,   show
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Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonic attenuation losses?, 1 MHz 2.25 MHz 10.0 MHz 25.0 MHz   show
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show MTL Acoustic impedance  
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show Vertical linearity range  
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When inspecting a rolled or forged surface with a thin scale that I generally tightly adhering to the part, before testing the part ______________." Clean the surface of loose scale Have all scale removed Rough machine the surface   show
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show Equal to the angle of incidence  
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"What kind of waves travel at a velocity slightly less than shear waves and their mode of propagation is both longitudinal and transverse with respect to the surface?, Rayleigh waves Transverse waves   show
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Which ultrasonic test frequency would probably provide the best penetration in a 30 cm (12 in) thick specimen of coarse-grained steel?, 1 MHz 2.25 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz   show
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show Detection of discontinuities in welds, tube, and pipe  
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show An angle beam method using shear waves  
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show An A-scan presentation  
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"At a water-steel interface the angle of incidence in water is 7 degrees. The principal mode of vibration that exists in the steel is ___________., Longitudinal Shear Both A and B Surface   show
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show Longitudinal"  
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show Pulse repetition rate  
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show Synchronizer, clock, or timer  
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"In a basic pulse echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the voltage that activates the transducer is called _____________."", An amplifier A receiver   show
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show Sweep circuit  
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show Marker circuit  
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show An A-scan presentation  
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show A C-scan presentation  
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The incident angles at which 90 degrees refraction of longitudinal and shear waves occurs are called __________., The normal angles of incidence The critical angles The angles of maximum reflection None of the above   show
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"Compression waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are called _____________., Longitudinal waves Shear waves Lamb waves Rayleigh waves   show
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"The mode of vibration that is quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method is ______________., Longitudinal waves Shear waves Transverse waves Surface waves   show
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The motion of particles in a shear wave is ______________., Parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam Transverse to the direction of the beam propagation Limited to the material surface & elliptical in motion Polarized   show
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show 6..35 mm (0.25 in)  
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show The relative velocities of sound in water and metal  
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"""As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal ___________."", Decreases Remains unchanged Increases   show
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show Sensitivity is increased  
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show Less than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave  
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show Air  
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In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in ____________."", Longitudinal waves Shear waves   show
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The acoustic impedance ______________. Used to calculate the angle of reflection The product of the density of the material and the velocity of sound in the material Found by Snell’s law Used to determine resonance values   show
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show The multiple reflection pattern  
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show Block diagram  
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A hole produced during the solidification of metal due to escaping gases is called ____________. A burst A cold shut Flaking A blow hole   show
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"A disc that occurs during Molten metal casting caused by splashing, surging, interrupted pouring, or meeting of two streams of metal coming from different directions is called _______." A burst A cold shut Flaking A blow hole   show
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The ratio between wave speed in one material and wave speed in a second material is called ________. acoustic impedance of interface Young’s modulus Poisson’s ratio The index of refraction   show
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The expansion and contraction of a magnetic material under the influence of a changing magnetic field is referred to as __________. Piezoelectricity Refraction Magnetostriction Rarefaction   show
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The ratio of stress to strain in a material with the elastic limit is called ________. Young’s modulus The modulus of elasticity Both A and B The index of refraction   show
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show A node  
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show The acoustic impedance  
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show The acoustic impedance  
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The equation describing wavelength in terms of velocity and frequency is _________. Wavelength = V X F Wavelength = Z (frequency X velocity) Wavelength = V ÷ F Wavelength = F ÷ V   show
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When an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials it is _____________. Reflected Mode converted All of the above   show
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"Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is ___________.", BT -> LS Lithium sulfate Quartz Barium titanate Silver oxide   show
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show Lithium sulfate "  
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Produce Shear waves when using UT immersion method is ______., By sending long wave in ⊥ to its front surface By using two crystals at diff frequencies By using a Y-cut quartz crystal By angulating the search tube to the proper angle,   show
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The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is _____________., Directly proportional to velocity & frequency Directly proportional to velocity & inversely proportional to frequency Inversely propo   show
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show The thickness of the crystal  
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show Density + Elasticity  
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Inspection of castings is often impractical because of ________________. Extremely small grain structure Coarse grain structure Uniform flow lines Uniform velocity of sound   show
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"Lamb waves may be used to inspect ___________________. Forgings Bar stock Ingots Thin sheet   show
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The formula used to determine the angle of beam divergence of a quartz crystal is _______________. Sin Ɵ = dia ½ X W Sin Ɵ dia = F X W Sin Ɵ = F X W Sin Ɵ/2 = 1.22 X W/dia   show
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"The resolving power of a transducer is directly proportional to __________. Diameter Bandwidth Pulse repetition   show
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"Acoustic lens elements with which of the following permit focusing the sound energy to enter cylindrical surfaces normally or along a line focus? Cylindrical curvatures Spherical lens curvatures Convex shapes   show
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show Pulse repetition rate  
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show Attenuation"  
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"Because the velocity of sound in aluminum is approximately 245,000 in/s for sound to travel through 25 mm (1 in) of aluminum, it takes _________." 1/8 s 4 µs 4 ms ¼ X 104 s   show
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Reflection indications from a weld area being inspected by the angle beam technique may represent __________. Porosity Cracks Weld bead All of the above   show
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In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal line formed by the uniform and repeated movement of an electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube is called _________."" A square wave pattern A sweep line A marker pattern N   show
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show 10 MHz"  
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show Surface waves"  
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To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, it is generally necessary to use a ________."" Transducer with a smaller crystal Scrubber Grid map Crystal collimator   show
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As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials _________."" Decreases 2.25 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz   show
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show Surface waves"  
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show Transducer with a smaller crystal"  
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As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials ____________."" Decreases Increases Is not changed May increase or decrease   show
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"Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of _________-. The rapid attenuation of low frequency sound Incompatible wavelengths   show
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When using tow separate transducers (one a transmitter, the other a receiver), the most efficient combinations would be a ____________."" Quartz transmitter and a barium titanate receiver BT transmitter and a LS receiver   show
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In immersion testing, the accessory equipment to which the search cable and the transducer are attached is called a ________."" Crystal collimator Scrubber Jet-stream unit Search tube or scanning tube   show
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In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend to b oriented _________."", Randomly In the direction of grain flow   show
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show Broad-based indication  
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show The dead zone"  
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In cases where the diameter of tubing being inspected is smaller than the diameter of the transducer, what can be used to confine the sound beam to the proper range of angles?"", A scrubber A collimator   show
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show The pulse repetition rate of the test instrument"  
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show Piezoelectric effect  
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Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately 1/25 of the original power at a depth of __________., 25 mm (1 in) 102 mm (4 in) 1 wavelength Impedance matching   show
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Incr pulse length to activate the ducer will _____., Incr UT strength but decr scope resolving power Incr scope resolving power Not affect the test Decr pene of sound wave   show
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show None of these  
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"Rayleigh waves __________. Are generated at the first critical angle Are generated at the second critical angle   show
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show Lamination's that are parallel to the front surface  
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"Calculate skip distance from one formula T=thick, ? = refracted sound and V = sound V) ______." S = (2 X t)/ tan ? S = 2 X t X sin ? S = 2 X t X tan ? S = 2 X V X sin ? None of the above   show
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The principal application of ultrasonic techniques consists of ________-., Flaw detection Thickness measurements Find elastic moduli all of these, all of these   show
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show absorption and scattering  
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In immersion UT, waves are generated by angle transducer beyond the FCA. What is direction of mtl particle motion? Same as the wave path ⊥ to material surface, parallel to wave path ⊥ to wave path only surface waves exist beyond FCA   show
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Which of the following modes of vibration are quickly dampened out when testing by the immersion method? Longitudinal waves shear waves transverse waves surface waves, surface waves   show
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