RTE 1503 CHP 1
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| Axial Skeleton | (80) bones: Cranium, facial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral coccyx, sternum and ribs
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| Appendicular skeleton | (126) bones: clacicles, scapula, humerus, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges hip bones, femur, tibia, patella, tarsals metatarsals
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| Classification of bones | flat, short, long and irregular
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| Compact bone | outer shell, hard or dense bone tissue
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| Body of bone | Shaft of bone, contains thicker layer of compact bone
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| Spongy bone | Cancellous bone, at both ends, highly porous and usually contains red bone marrow which produces red blood cells
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| Medullary cavity | hollow portion of bone. In adult's contains fatty yellow marrow.
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| periosteum | Covers bone except at the ends.
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| Hyaline cartilage | (glassy or clear) articulating surfaces are covered with.
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| intramembranous | bone replaces membranes
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| endochondral | bone replaces cartilage
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| diaphysis | primary center of ossification
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| epiphysis | secondary center of ossification
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| Classification of joints | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
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| Fibrous | syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis
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| cartilaginous | symphysis and synchondrosis
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| freely movable joints | synovial joints
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| Plane (gliding) | sliding or gliding (c1 on c2 vertebrae)
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| ginglymi (hinge) | flexion and extension (elbow joints)
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| trochoid (pivot) | Rotatinal (between C1 and C2 vertebrae)
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| Ellipsoid (condyloid) | abduction and adduction (ankle)
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| Sellar (saddle) | Flexion and extension (wrist joints)
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| Spheroidal (ball and socket) | Medial and lateral rotation (Hip and shoulder joints)
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| Bicondylar | Movement in one direction (knee)
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| Back half | Posterior or dorsal
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| front half | Anterior or ventral
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| Plantar | sole or posterior surface of the foot
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| Dorsal | Foot: top or anterior
Hand: back or posterior
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| direction or path of the CR of the x-ray beam | Projection
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| A projection of the CR from posterior to anterior | Posteroanterior (PA projection)
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| Anteroposterior | A projection of CR from anterior to posterior (AP projection)
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| An AP/PA projection of the upper or lower limb that is rotated | AP/PA oblique projection
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| A lateral projection described by the path of the CR | Mediolateral or lateromedial projections
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| Supine | Lying on back, facing forward
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| Prone | lying on abdomen, facing downward
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| Erect | upright position
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| Recumbent | Lying down in any position (prone, supine or on side)
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| Tren-del-en-berg | a recumbent position, head lower than the feet
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| Fowler's | a recumbent position, head higher than the feet
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| Sim's position | a recumbent position, left anterior side
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| Lithotomy | a recumbent supine, knees and hips flexed
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| Refers to the side of, or a side view | Lateral position
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| Angled position in which neither the sagittal nor the coronal body plane is perpendicular or at a right angle to the IR | Oblique position
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| Specific oblique position in which the left or right posterior aspect of the body is closest to the IR | LPO left posterior oblique or RPO right posterior oblique
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| Oblique position in which the right or left anterior aspect of the body is closet to the IR | RAO right anterior oblique LAO left anterior oblique
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| Radiographic positioning that is always performed with the central ray horizontal. | Decubitus (decub)
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| Patient lies on the side, and the x-ray beam is directed horizontally form anterior to posterior (AP) or posterior to anterior (PA) | Right or left lateral decubitus
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| patient is lying on the dorsal surface with the x-ray beam directed horizontally, exiting from the side closest to the IR | Dorsal decutius position
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| patient is lying on the ventral surface with the x-ray beam directed horizontally, exiting from the side closest to the IR | Ventral decubitus position
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| touching a curve or surface at only one point | Tangential projection
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| Cephalad angle | angle toward the head end of the body
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| Caudad angle | angle toward the feet or away from the head
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| Ipsilateral | on the same side
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| Contralateral | on the opposite side
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| turn or bend the hand and wrist from the natural position toward the ulnar side | Ulnar deviation
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| toward the radial side of the wrist | radial deviation
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| lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body | abduction
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| movement of arm or leg toward the body | adduction
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| radiographic image as seen form the vantage of the image receptor. | View
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| Support and protect many soft tissues of the body, produces red blood cells, and allows movement through interaction with the muscles to form a system of levers | Skeletal system
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| Prepare food for absorption by the cells through numerous physical & chemical processes, and eliminate solid wastes | Digestive system
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| Distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carry cell waste & CO2 from the cells, protect against disease, and help reg. body temp | Circulatory system
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| Supplies O2 to the blood and eventually the cells, eliminates CO2 from the blood, and assists in reg. the acid-base balance in blood | Respiratory system
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| Regulates the chem. composition of the blood, eliminates many waste products, and reg. fluid & electrolyte balance and volume | Urinary system
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| Regulates body activities with electrical impulses that travel along various nerves | Nervous system
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| Allows movement, maintain posture, produces heat | Muscular system
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| To regulate bodily activities through the various hormones carried by the cardiovascular system | Endocrine system
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| Process of epiphyseal fusion of the long bones occurs progressively from the age of puberty to full maturity, which occurs at age of ______ | 25
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| An image of a patient's anatomic part(s), as produced by the action of x-rays on an IR | Radiograph
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| The process and procedures of producing a radiograph | Radiography
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| Upright position with arms adducted, palms forward, and head and feet directed straight ahead | Anatomic position
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| The long axis of a structure or part | Axial projection
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| Why do you take a minimum of two projections (90 degrees from each other) | Superimposition of anatomic structures, localization of lesions or foreign bodies, and determination of alignment of fractures
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| Three projections are required when? | When the joint is in the prime interest area
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| How many projections are required for a postreduction upper and lower limbs | Two for checking fracture alignment
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| How many projections are required for a pelvis study | Only one unless a hip injury is suspected
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| Exams that require two projections | Forearm, humerus, femur, hips, Tib-fib, and chest
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| Accepted way to place a radiographic image for viewing | So that the patient is facing the viewer
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