Oncology part 2 Detection-Alison Miles
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Alpha-fetoprotein Lab | carcinomas of testicles, pancreas and liver
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| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | increased w/breast, pancreas, liver, kidney and colon cancer; may be elevated for no reason
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| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | prostate cancer, slightly elevated in benign prostate hyperplasia
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| CA 15-3 | metastatic breast cancer
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| CA 19-9 | gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancers
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| CA 125 | ovarian cancer
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| CT | 3 dimensional view of tissue used to determine tumor density, size and location; used in detecting many types of cancer
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| Nuclear Imaging | tissurs are observed for changes using radioactive isotope
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| MRI | magnetic fields used to differentiate diseased tissue from healthy tissue; used to study blood flow; visualizes tumors hidden by bone
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| PET | cross-sectional view of tissue looks at increased concentration of isotopes in malignant cells; differentiates between benign and malignant cells
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| Radioimmunoconjugates | monoclonal antibodies labeled w/isotopes are injected IV and accumulate at tumor site which makes tumor visible
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| Ultrasound | uses high frequency sound waves; determines if tumor is solid or fluid filled
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| Fluoroscopy | x-rays used to look at differences in the densities of body tissues; used for bone and gastric cancers
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| Biopsy | tissue samples are excised from the body and are examined microscopically; needle biopsy; surgical excision (best option)
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| Frozen section | immediate examination of the cells once tumor removed; specimen is quickly frozen then sliced into thin sheets and observed
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| Endoscopy | flexible tubes with special fiber cameras to look at specific body areas
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| Gastroscopy | flexible tubes w/special cameras to look at the STOMACH
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| Bronchoscopy | flexible tubes w/special cameras to look at the LUNGS
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| Colonoscopy | flexible tubes w/special cameras to look at the COLON
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| "go lightly" | cleans out the colon when having a Colonoscopy
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| Cytology | microscopic exam of cells; used to diagnose malignancies in cells; can be obtained by needle aspiration, scraping, brushing or sputum
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