Pharm1 Chapter27
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| arrest of bleeding either by physiologic properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation or by mechanical, surgical, or pharmocologic means | hemostasis
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| an inactive protein found in many body tissues and fluids, is bound to fibrin and becomes a component of the clot | plasminogen
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| when plasminogen is activated it produces what? | plasmin
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| what is plamin? | an enzyme that breaksdown the fibrin meswork that stablizes the clot
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| what is a thrombosis called when it travels through the circulatory system? | embolsim
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| what is blood clotting? | a normal body defense mechanism to prevent blood loss
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| inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors, and prevent clot formation | anticoagulants
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| inhibit platelet aggregation, prevent platelet plugs | antiplatelet drugs
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| lyse exsisiting clots | thrombolytic drugs
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| promote blood coagulation, manage conditions for excessive bleeding | hemostatic agents
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| what is the reversal agent? | hemostatic agents
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| turns off coagulation pathway and prevents clot formation? | heparin
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| what are the indications for anticoagulants? | prevent blood clot, stroke, MI, DVT, PE
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| Side effects of anticoagulants? | bleeding, NVD, abdominal cramps, thromoctyopenia
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| contrindications for anticoagulants are? | pregnancy, GI obstruction
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| what is the reversal agent to heparin? | protamine sulfate
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| what drug is useful in long-term prevention of thrombus? | warfarin ( coumadin)
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| what is the reversal agent for coumadin? | vitamin k
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| what are the drugs used for antiplatelet? | clopidogrel ( plavix) and ticlopidine ( Ticlid)
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| this prevents the lysis of fibrin? | antifibrinolytic
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| what are some of the antifibrinolytic drugs? | aminocaproic acid ( Amicar)
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| indications for antifibrinolytic agents? | prevention and treatment of excessive bleeding
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| agents that that break down , or lyse, performed clots are ? | thrombolytic
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| thrombolytic agents have what ending? | ase
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| when do we use thrombolytic agents ? | acute MI, DVT, PE, acute ischemic stroke, arterial thrombolysis
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| Heparin should not be given how? | IM
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| SC of heprin should not be given 2 inches of ? | umbilicus, abdominal incisions, unhealed wounds
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| LWMHS should be given where? | SC in abdomen and rotate injection site
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| when taking warfarin there may be potential interaction with what products? | herbal products
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| why do we need ot be careful of the herbal products? | because they can increase the bleeding
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| what are PT teaching with anticoagulants? | regualr lab testing, signs of abnormal bleeding, measures to prevent bruising, bleeding
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| what foods need to be avoided while taking anticoagulants? | foods high in vitamin k
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| what foods are high in vitamin k? | tomatoes, dark leafy green vegetables, bananas, fish
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| what needs to be taken on an empty stomach? | dipyridamole
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| what can alter the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs? | nicotine
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| what are some LMWH drugs? | enoxaparin ( lovenox) and dalteaparin ( fragmin)
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| what is the reversal agent for LMWH? | protamine
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| when a PT is on warfarin therpay what medication should be avoided? | NSAIDS
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| what levels are checked are checked while a PT is on coumadin? | PT-INR levels
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| what drug has antiplatelet effects? | asprin
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