science ch 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| dominant | Referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele (called recessive) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.
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| genetics | Science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
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| law of independent assortment | Mendel's second law of inheritance that states that factors (alleles) controlling different traits go to gametes independently of each other.
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| law of segregation | Mendel's first law of inheritance that states that factors (alleles) that control a given trait separate and go to different gametes.
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| Mendel | Austrian monk who lived in the 1800s and discovered the laws of inheritance by careful, repeated experiments with pea plants; called the "father of genetics".
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| pollination | Process by which pollen is transferred from a male reproductive structure of a plant to a female reproductive structure of the same plant or a different plant of the same species so fertilization can occur.
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| recessive | Referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele (called dominant) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.
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| allele | One of the alternate versions of a particular gene.
autosome: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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| genotype | Combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene.
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| heterozygote | Type of genotype in which an individual has two different alleles for a gene.
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| homozygote | Type of genotype in which an individual has two of the same allele for a gene.
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| phenotype | Expression of an organism's genotype as a trait in the organism.
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| Punnett square | Chart for determining the possible genotypes and their likely ratios in offspring of two parents of given genotypes.
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| sex chromosome | One of two chromosomes (in humans, X or Y chromosomes) that determine the sex of an individual in a sexually reproducing species.
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| sex-linked trait | trait controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome.
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| biotechnology | Use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.
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| gene therapy | Treatment of a genetic disorder by inserting a normal gene into a patient with a defective gene.
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| genetically modified organism (GMO) | Organism that has been given one or more new genes so it will have traits that make it more useful to people:
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| genetic disorder | Disease caused by a mutation.
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| genome | All the genetic information of a species.
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| Human Genome Project | International effort to sequence all 3 billion bases in human DNA, which began in 1990 and achieved its goal by 2003.
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tmanfred
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