End of Musculoskeletal Notes 3/3 mj
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| Deep Vein Thrombosis caused by | Virchow's Triad
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| Virchow's Triad | Venous stasis, vessel damage, and altered clotting
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| Prevention of DVT | anti-embolism stocking (Ted Hose), compression devices and eary ambulation
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| Compartment Syndrome | serious complication that results from internal or external pressure on the affected area.
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| Can be caused by bleeding or edema into a compartment | Internal pressure
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| Can be caused by a cast or tight dressing | External pressure
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| Within 4 to 6 hours, | irreversible muscle damage may occur
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| Can occur in 24 hours, | partial paralysis
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| Can occur in 24 to 48 hours, | complete paralysis
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| Avascular Necrosis | bone cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients, they die and the cell walls collaspe.
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| necrosis | no blood supply
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| Malunion | improper alignment of the bone ends resulting in external deformity
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| Nonunion | facture that never heals
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| Delayed union | failure of the fracture to heal in teh expected time.
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| Closed reduction | nonsurgical reduction of the bones
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| may be done with traction, angulation, rotation or a combination of these. | nonsurgical reduction
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| Open Reduction | surgical procedure where the bones are realigned.
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| Fixation | an attempt to attach the fragments of the bone together when reduction alone is not feasible.
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| Internal fixation | use of rods, pins, screws or metal plates to align the bone placed under the skin.
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| External fixation | use of rods, pins, screws or metal plates to align the bone placed to an external frame.
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| Casting | Plaster of Paris, Fiberglass
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| Least expensive cast | Plaster of Paris
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| plaster of paris | lift with only the palms during the drying time to prevent pressure areas.
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| short leg cast | fracture of the foot, ankle, or distal tibia or fibula
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| long leg cast | fracture of the distal femur, knee or lower leg
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| hip spica cast | fractures of the femur, acetabulum or pelvis.
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| short arm cast | fracture of the wrist or hand
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| long arm cast | fracture of the forearm, elbow or humerus
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