hematologic blood disorders
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| packed RBC's | severe anemia or blood loss
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| frozen RBC's | autotransfusions
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| Platelets | bleeding from thrombocytopenia
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| albumin | hypovolemia from hypoalbuminemia
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| fresh frozen plasma | replace clotting factors
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| cryoprecipitates | provides specific missing clotting factors
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| fluid compatibility in blood transfusions | 0.9% Saline (normal saline)
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| warmed blood | severe bleeding prevent hypothermia
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| timing | 4 hours max
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| filtering | prevents harmful particles, reduce transmission of viruses
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| washed blood | removes all plasma reduce risk of reactions
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| vital signs | before and during transfusion per protocal
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| s/sx complications of blood administration | fever, urticaria, hemolysis, anaphylactic, circulatory overload
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| stay with patient time during transfusion | at least first 15 minutes of transfusion
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| febrile reaction | most common rx to blood admin, risk goes up for each transfusion (fever, chills, back ache)
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| urticarial rx | hives, is minor rx, notify dr, give benedryl
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| hemolytic rx | deadly, incompatible blood, within minutes (back pain, chest pain, chills, fever, SOB, vomiting, impending doom
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| anaphylactic rx | usually sensitive to immunoglobulins, severe gastrointestinal cramping, instant vomiting, uncontrollable diarrhea.
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| circulatory overload | rapid transfusion short amount of time in older patients, chest pain, cough, crackles, wheezes, tachycardia
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| O+ | rh antigen , can get 0-+
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| 0- | no antigens, can only get 0-
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| AB+ | antigens for A, B, rh, can get 0, A, B, AB, -+
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| AB- | antigens for A, B, but not Rh, can get only 0, A, B, AB, -
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| A- | antigens for A, not rh, can get A, 0 -
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| A+ | antigens for A, and rh, can get A, 0 -+
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| B- | antigens for B, not rh, can get B, 0-
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| B+ | antigens for B, and rh, can get B, 0 -+
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| two person verification | prevent errors in blood transfusions
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| blood to lab | two person verification
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| blood to patient | two person verification blood transfusion
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| coumadin | PT, INR
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| heparin | APTT
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| Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APTT) | 25-39 seconds therapeutic range on heparin 1.5 - 2 times
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| International normalized ratio (INR) | normal less than 1.3 range for coumadin 2-3
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| Normal RBC lab | 4.2-5.1
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| Normal WBC lab | 4500 - 11,000
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| HGB lab | 11.7 - 17.3
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| HCT lab | 38% - 49%
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| sickle cell anemia | hemolytic anemia
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| aplastic anemia | bone marrow suppression
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| B12 anemia | no intrinsic factor
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| folic acid anemia | diet lack of folic acid
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| pancytopenia | lack of all blood products being made (bone marrow) aplastic
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| glossitis | s/sx of anemia
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| petechiae | small purplish hemorrhagic spots under skin
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| universal donar | 0-
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| universal recipient | AB+
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| Prothrombin Time (PT) | 9.5-11.8 normal on coumadin 1.5 - 2 times normal
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