Personality d/o
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| 3 problem areas for PD | Cognition or thought processes skewed, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of the emotional response is different (more/less extreme), Problems w/ interpersonal functioning, impulse control.
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| Occur in _____% of the population | 10-20
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| About __% of psychiatric patients have a PD comorbid to other disorders | 50%
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| PD is a __________ factor to other disorders | predisposing
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| Personality Disorders *(Cluster A) | Eccentric and odd behavior Paranoid PD Pervasive distrust/suspiciousness of othersSchizoid PD Detachment from social relationships &restricted range of emotional expressionSchizotypal PD Social deficits, magical thinking, eccentricities.
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| Personality Disorders (Cluster B) | Narcissistic PD Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathyHistrionic PD Excessive emotionality & attention seeking
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| Personality disorders (Cluster C) | Anxious or fearful behaviorDependent PD submissive & clinging behavior, fear of separation Obsessive-compulsive PD Preoccupied w/orderliness, perfectionism w/ridged control. Fearful Avoidant PD Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feels inadequate
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| Paranoid PD | 4 or more : 1. suspects w/o evidence 2. Preoccupied w/unjustified doubts about loyalty 3. reluctant to confide 4. Reads hidden demeaning meanings 5.grudges 6. Perceives attacks on character, quick to react angrily 7. suspicions regarding fidelity
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| Schizoid PD | does not desire/enjoy close relationships/activities, Little interest in sexual relationship. No close friends other than 1st degree relatives, indifferent to criticism of others; emotional coldness, detached or flattened affect
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| Schizotypal PD | incapacity relationships, distortions, eccentric- need 5:Ideas reference, Odd beliefs, magical thinking, (superstitiousness, clairvoyance, bizarre fantasies); perceptual (bodily illusions); odd thinking/speech; behavior/ appearance is peculiar, paranoid
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| Histrionic PD | attention seeking beginning, need to be center of attention, inappropriate sexually, shallow emotions, speech lacking in detail, theatrical, relationships more intimate than they actually are
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| Dependent PD | submissive & clinging behavior, and fear of separation, difficulty making decisions, no self-confidence in ability to start or complete projects independently; will urgently seek another relationship when one ends.
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| Dependent PD | May look for ways to fuse themselves with the identity of the other person –sometimes leads to the experience of folie a deux ( madness between two) a shared delusional belief between 2 persons
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| OCD PD | - perfectionism w/focus on orderliness, preoccupied w/rules/rituals, have genuine care for others but no idea how their rigid behaviors affect others, fear imminent catastrophe
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| Avoidant PD | extreme sensitivity to rejection & avoidance of interpersonal situations- timid temperament in infancy, poor self confidence,prone to misinterpreting feedback
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| Antisocial PD- cluster B | Usually begins by age 15-Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, arrests, Deceitfulness- repeatedly lying, aliases, conning others, Impulsivity, Irritability or aggressiveness-Reckless, Lack of remorse
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| Borderline PD- cluster B | 5 of the following:avoid real or imagined abandonment, intense/unstable relationships, idealization and devaluation, unstable self-image. Impulsivity in 2-spending, sex, substance abuse, binge eating, reckless driving, Recurrent SI, mutilating, emptiness
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| Causes most problems in cluster B | antisocial and borderline
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| Personality d/o tx | dialectical behavioral therapy
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| Obsessive-compulsive PD- | Preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism with ridged control. Fearful.
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| Avoidant PD | Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feels inadequate,
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| Genetic theories r/t personality d/o | temperament, individual perception, & environment.
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| Neurobiological theory & personality d/o | that certain neurotransmitters can influence the development of personality
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| Learning theory and personality d/o | maladaptive responses based on modeling/reinforcement of observed behaviors/
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| Cognitive theory and personality d/o | emphasizes the role of beliefs and responses in creating emotional and behavioral responses
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| Psychoanalytic theory and personality d/o | focus is on primitive use of defense mechanisms by individuals with personality disorders.
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| Environmental factors and personality d/o | Other factors from outside the family that influence personality development.
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| Diathesis-stress model- stresses and personality d/o | genetic and biological vulnerabilities that includes individual temperaments and how they respond to stress (immediate influences on personality development)
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| Assessment of PD | Semi-structured interview preferred- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to evaluate personality
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