Germ Theory, Viruses, Diseases, etc
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| Lysogenic Infection | Process in which viral DNA becomes part of a host cell's DNA
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| Prion | Misfolded protein that causes disease in animals
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| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacteria
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| Antibiotic | Compound that can block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
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| Virus | A particle made of genetic material and a capid that can replicate only by infecting living cells
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| Prokaryote | Organism consisting of one cell that lacks a nucleus
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| Prophage | Bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA
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| Pathogen | Disease-causing microorganism
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| Lytic Infection | Process in which a host cell bursts after being invaded by a virus
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| Endospore | Protective structure formed by a prokaryote when growth conditions are unfavorable
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| Binary Fission | How bacteria reproduce; Process in which a bacterium replicates its DNA and divides in half
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| Vaccine | Preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins used to produce immunity
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| Capsid | A protein surrounding a virus
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| Ribovirus | Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material
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| SARS, MRSA, Ebola, and bird flu are all example of this | Viral Infection / Disease
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| Robert Koch | Identified the specific microbes that caused diseases and came up with four postulates
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| Ignaz Semelweiss | Many women were dying during childbirth, becuase of something called "childbed fever" so he came up with the idea that doctors should wash their hands before delivering babies
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| Edward Jenner | Developed a vaccine against smallpox after observing that people who got cowpox did not get smallpox
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| Louis Pasteur | Developed "germ theory" which proposed that specific microbes acted as disease fighting agents
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| Robert Hooke | Developed his own microscope and invented the term "cell"
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| Antoni van Leewenhoek | One of the first to observe microbes (living, moving, microorganisms)
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| Rudolph Virchow | All cells come from other cells. All diseases are caused by cell that do not work properly.
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| Joseph Lister | After research, he introduced sterilizing clothing and equipment in surgery
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| This theory states that pathogens are what causes disease | Germ Theory of Disease
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| Flagellum | what bacteria uses to move
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| Viroid | infectious RNA that passes through seeds or pollen to cause disease in plants
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| Rod-shaped prokaryotes | bacilli
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| Spiral-shaped prokaryotes | spirilla or spirochetes
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| Round-shaped (spherical) prokaryotes | cocci
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| Antibiotics | Chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria. It only works on living things without a cell wall (AKA humans).
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| Another name for a disease-causing agent | Pathogen
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| Infectious Disease | A disease carried by a pathogen that is transmitted from organism to organism
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| The Use of Koch's Postulates is... | To identify the cause of a certain disease
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| What is the treatment for pathogens? | Prevention
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| What is the treatment for protists (malaria)? | Chloroquine and ACTs (artemisinin-based combination therapy)
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| What is the treatment for bacteria? | Antibiotics
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| What is the treatment for viruses? | Vaccines
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| Conjugation | The transfer of genetic material between two prokaryotes; A process in which some bacteria exchange genetic material
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| Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus. Classified into bacteria and archaea.
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| Endocytosis | How a virus gets inside a cell
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| Lysogenic Cycle | The viral DNA combines with the host DNA. Whenever the cell divides, the virus is copied into daughter cells. A trigger causes the Lytic Cycle to start
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| Lytic Cycle | When viral DNA takes over and uses energy from the host to reproduce
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