food
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| Name the 3 elements present in carbohydrates | carbon , hydrogen and oxygen
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| Food is needed for | Source of Energy
Make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
for growth and repair
for heat
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| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms
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| 6 common elements | Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen(O),Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P) and Sulfer(S)
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| 5 Elements present as dissolved salts | Sodium(Na), Magnesium(Mg), Chlorine(Cl), Potassium(K), and Calcium(Ca)
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| 3 Trace Elements | Iron(Fe),Copper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn)
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| Trace Elements | Only required in tiny amounts in the diet
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| Biomolecules | Chemicals that are made inside a living thing
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| Monosaccharide | Carbohydrate composed of single sugar unit eg glucose
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| Disaccharide | Carbohydrate composed of two sugar units joined together eg maltose
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| Polysaccharide | Carbohydrate composed of many sugar units joined together eg Starch , Cellulose, Glycogen
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| Structural role of Carbohydrates | Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls
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| Metabolic role of Carbohydrates | Glucose broke down in respiration to release energy/ Glucose is made in photosynthesis
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| What are Lipids composed of | Fats and oils
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| Name the structures of Lipids and what its made of | Triglyceride - 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid - 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate
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| Structural role of lipids | Food store in plant and animals
heat, insulation and protection of the organs
combine with phosphorus to form phospholips and protein to form lioproteins
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| Metabolic role of lipids | Broken down in respiration to release energy
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| Structure of protein | Fibrous protein
Globular protein
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| Structural role of protein | Fibrous protein eg Keratin in hair and nails or myosin in muscles
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| Metabolic role of protein | used as enzymes to control reactions
Form antibodies to fight infection
Some hormones are protein based and used to regulate body reactions
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| Vitamins | Essential organic catalysts of metabolism they can be fat soluble or water soluble
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| Name a water soluble vitamin | Vitamin C called ascorbic acid
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| Metabolic Role of Vitamin C | Necessary for formation of connective tissue such as skin or gums
Growth and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth
Helping wounds to heal
helping immune system to function properly
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| Deficiency of vitamin C disease and symptoms | Poor healing of skin
Bleeding under the skin
Bleeding gums with loose teeth
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| Name a fat soluble vitamin | Vitamin D
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| Metabolic role of vitamin D | Helps absorb calcium from the intestine and therefor needed for healthy bones and tooth formation
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| Deficiency of vitamin D disease and symptoms | Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults
Weak,deformed bones that tend to break easily
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| Name 2 plant minerals | Magnesium(Mg) and Calcium(Ca)
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| Name 2 animal minerals | Iron(Fe), Calcium(Ca) and Sodium(Na)
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| Give the source and use of Magnesium | Salts in the soil
Helps form chlorophyll
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| Give the source and use for Calcium in plants | Salts in the soil
Helps cell walls attach to each other
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| Give a source and use for Iron | Liver,Meat,Broccoli,Spinach
Helps form Haemoglobin
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| Give and source and use for Calcium in animals | Milk,Cheese,Dairy products
Helps form strong bones and teeth
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| Give a source and use of Sodium | Table Salt
Regulation of osmotic balance (maintain water levels in the body)
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| What is water a component of | Cytoplasm and body fluids
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| Give 2 functions of water | Transport medium
Solvent reaction medium
Support medium
movement of sperm (animals)
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| What does good solvent mean | Able to dissolve a wide range of molecules
Allows chemical reactions to take place in water in the cytoplasm and cell organelles
Allows many molecules to be dissolved in water for transport in plants and animals
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| Name 2 biochemical reactions that water participates in | Photosynthesis - used to supply hydrogen ions and electrons
Respiration- formed as an end product
Digestion-needed to breakdown food
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| What is osmosis | When cells absorb large amounts of water they become swollen
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| Why is water a good absorber of heat | Slow to heat up and slow to cool down
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| What is the water content in humans | 75-90%
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| What is an Anabolic reaction and an example | Use energy to convert in to larger molecules using enzymes
Eg) Formation of muscle from amino acids (protein synthesis)
Formation of cellulose from glucose
Photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water are used to make glucose and oxygen)
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| What is a Catabolic reaction and an example | Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down to a simpler form using enzymes
Eg) Respiration (glucose is broke down to release energy)
Digestion ( food is broken down to its simpler form eg starch digested to glucose)
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| What does CRAP stand for | Catabolic - Respiration
Anabolic - Photosynthesis
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