Heart+Circulation
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| What is the definition of the heart? | The pump that generates blood flow around the system.
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| What is the definition of the arterial system? | The conductance vessels that carry the blood around the body.
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| What is the definition of microcirculation? | Where transfer of nutrients, waste and water occurs.
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| What is the definition of the venous system? | The capacity vessels, that store and return blood to the heart.
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| Where is the heart located? | Lies centrally in the chest, between the lungs and pleura, in the middle mediastinum.
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| What is the heart surrounded by? | The pericardial sac of fibrous tissue, that is lined by a serous, slippery membrane that secretes a miniscule amount of lubricating fluid.
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| Describe the chambering system of the heart. | The heart has 4 chambers that contract in synchrony, as a single unit or syncytium to pump blood.
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| The heart must be muscular, but... | ...be able to transmit waves of conduction and contraction.
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| It must beat continually... | ...at variable rates, from slow to fast, but never tire.
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| How is blood flow direction controlled? | Blood flow must only flow in one direction and is controlled by valves.
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| What is the ideal space for the heart? | It must lie within a lubricated, potential space to allow expansion and contraction.
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| Define auricle. | A small pouch in the wall of each atrium of the heart.
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| What is the bottom surface of the heart called? | Diaphragmatic surface.
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| What is the anterior surface of the heart called? | Sternocostal.
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| What forms the inferior diaphragmatic surface? | The left ventricle.
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| What does the left atrium form and where does it lie? | It forms the base of the heart and lies posteriorly.
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| What is the circulatory system of the BODY called? | The systemic circulation.
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| Where in the heart does blood return to from the systemic system? | The right atrium.
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| Which valve links the right atrium to the right ventricle? | The tricuspid valve.
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| Where does the right ventricle pump blood to? | The pulmonary trunk.
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| What does the pulmonary trunk divide into? | The left and right pulmonary arteries.
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| What is the process of making deoxygenated blood oxygenated called? | Pulmonary circulation.
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| What does oxygenated blood return to the left atrium in? | The left and right, superior and inferior pulmonary veins.
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| Which valve connects the left atrium to the left ventricle? | The mitral valve.
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| What does the left ventricle pump blood into? | The aorta, which "conducts" it into the body (systemic circulation).
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| How many litres of blood are there in the body? | 5 litres.
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| What are all blood cells lined by? | Endothelial cells.
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| What takes blood into the right atrium? | Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava and Coronary sinus.
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| What takes blood out of the right atrium? | The tricuspid valve.
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| What is the coronary sinus? | A collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium).
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| What is the fossa ovalis? | The site of what was the foramen ovale in the embryo.
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| What is the foramen ovale? | An opening from right to the left atrium that allowed oxygenated blood coming from the mother to by-pass the non-functioning foetal lungs.
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| What forms the cardiac conduction system? | The sinoatrial and atrioventricular node.
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| What does the left atrium receive blood from? | The 4 pulmonary veins that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs.
The superior and inferior, left and right pulmonary veins.
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| What is the function of the papillary muscles? | They send tendinous cords to the edges of the valve cusps.
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| What opens and closes the tricuspid and mitral valves? | The pressure of the blood.
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| What does LAB RAT stand for? | Left atrium bicuspid, Right atrium tricuspid.
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| What do the papillary muscles and tendinous cords prevent? | Cusp eversion into the atrium during ventricular contraction.
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| What happens to the surface of the ventricle walls near the outflow? | It becomes smooth to create laminar blood flow into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
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| What type of cusps do the pulmonary and aortic valves have? | Semilunar "watch-pocket" cusps.
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| What happens to the cusps during systole? | Blood passes through the valve, forcing the cusps against the vessel wall.
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| What happens to the cusps during diastole? | Elastic recoil in the pulmonary trunk and aorta forces blood between the cusps and the vessel wall forcing the cusps to meet in the centre of each vessel.
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| Where do the left and right coronary arteries arise from? | The aortic sinuses just above the valve cusps.
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| What is the function of the sinoatrial node? | (The pacemaker) can be sped up or slowed down by the autonomic nervous system.
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| After it leaves the SAN, where does the wave of conduction pass to? | The atrioventricular node.
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| What is the only route by which conduction may pass after it leaves the AVN? | The bundle of His.
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| What happens to the wave of conduction after reaching the Bundle of His? | It continues into the left and right bundle branches that spread the conduction through each ventricle.
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| What does the coronary conductive system ensure. | Synchronous contraction, in the correct sequence, toward the outflow of each chamber.
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Created by:
robertspedding
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