Genes,Inheritance, and Selection
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| What are Chromosomes? | Long molecules of DNA
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| What is a Genome? | Entire genetic material of an organism
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| What is a Gene? | A short length of a chromosome
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| What do genes determine and what else? | Proteins and the type of protein
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| The production of different proteins controls what? | Different characteristics like Dimples, and how organism functions
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| Genes can exist in | Different versions, gives different form of characteristics e.g blue or brown eyes
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| What are differences in species called? | Variation
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| Genotype | all of the Genes and alleles
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| Phenotype | Characteristics it displays
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| Organisms genes are | Inherited
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| Environmental variations | Leaves can be yellow, height
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| Continuous Variation | No distinct categories
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| Discontinuous Variation | Distinct Categories
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| Mutations | Changes to the Genome, rare random changes, changes to the DNA bases
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| Sexual Reproduction | Genetic information from 2 organisms (Father, Mother combined) to produce offspring which are genetically different
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| Gametes | Contain half number of chromosomes, they are haploid
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| How many chromosomes do Haploid contain? | 23
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| How many chromosomes do Diploid contain? | 46
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| How are Gametes produced? | Meiosis
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| Meiosis is.. | Type of cell division, only in reproductive organs
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| Explain Division 1 of Meiosis (1.) | Divides and DUPLICATES it's DNA, 1 each arm, X chromosome is exact copy
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| Explain Division 1 of Meiosis (2.) | Chromosomes LINE UP in pairs at centre, one from dad and mom.
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| Explain Division 1 of Meiosis (3.) | PAIRS PULLED APART, so new chromosome only has 1 each, SOME of dad and mom chromosomes go into new cell
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| Explain Division 1 of Meiosis (4.) | Each new cell has MIXTURE of mom and dad chromosomes mixing up genes create genetic variation
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| Explain Division 2 of Meiosis (5.) | Chromosomes line up again in centre , arms of chromosomes are PULLED APART
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| Explain Division 2 of Meiosis (6.) | You get 4 HAPLOID GAMETES, each has single set of chromosomes, gametes are GENETICALLY DIFFERENT
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| Sex Chromosomes control... | If your're male or female
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| How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the body? | 23 pairs
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| What is the 23rd pair labelled? | Labelled XY
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| Males have what Chromosomes? | XY
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| Females have what chromosomes? | XX
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| Lack of Y chromosomes causes.... | female characteristics
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| Y chromosome carries gene which... | Makes an embryo develop into a male
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| Females always.... | Have 2 X chromosomes develop in a different way
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| Asexual reproduction involves... | Mitosis
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| Explain how asexual reproduction is different? | Only 1 parent, child genetically identical
Happens by Mitosis
New cell has same genetic information, it's a clone
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| Alleles | Different versions of the same gene
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| Characteristics caused by recessive alleles... | Appears when both alleles are recessive
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| Homozygous | 2 same alleles for that gene (CC, cc)
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| Heterozygous | 2 different alleles for that gene
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| Classification | Organising living organisms into groups
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| Natural classification systems | Use Evolutionary relationships
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| Natural selection increases.. | Advantageous Phenotypes
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| Artificial Classification systems.. | Use Observable Features
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| Evolution | Change in inherited characteristics
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| Bacteria | Can evolve and become Antibiotic-Resistant
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| Fossils | Remains of the plants and animals
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Created by:
Shahed-02
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