Microbiology
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| This is the study of all diseases and disease patterns in populations | epidemiology
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| These people collect and put together data about sources of disease and risk factors | Epidemiologists
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| These disease detectives design infection control strategies, and prevent, or predict spread of disease | Epidemiologists
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| These are transmitted from one host to another | Communicable diseases
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| Communicable diseases are what type of diseases? | CONTAGIOUS
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| Measles, colds, influenza, pneumonia, and strep throat are types of _______ diseases: | communicable (contagious) diseases
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| Transmission of diseases or infections is determined by interactions between these factors: | environment, pathogen, and host
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| What do antimicrobial medications do? | kill or inhibit pathogens
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| What do vaccines do to control transmission? | increase host resistance to infection by pathogen
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| These do not spread from host to host: | non-communicable diseases
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| ______________ most often arise from an individual's normal "microbiota" (_______) or the environment: | Microorganisms, microflora
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| Clostridium tetanus is a _________ disease and is also the cause of _______: | non-communicable, tetanus
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| Epidemiologists are less concerned with the absolute number of cases than the.....: | rate of infections
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| This is the number of new cases/time/population; the measure of the risk of an individual contracting a disease: | incidence rate
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| This is the number of cases at any time for a specific period of time in a given population; includes old/new cases and duration old disease: | prevalence
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| Both incidence and prevalence are expressed as cases per ________ people | 100, 000
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| This is the incidence of disease in the population at risk | morbidity
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| This is the overall death rate in the population: | mortality
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| In _______ countries, mortality is most often associated with non-communicable diseases such as cancer or a heart attack: | developed
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| Major cause of death due to infection occurs in ________ countries | developing
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| These are constantly present in a population: | endemic diseases
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| The opposite of endemic diseases is: | sporadic diseases (spreading)
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| The common cold and measles are examples of these types of diseases: | endemic
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| This is a greater number of cases of infection in a large area: | epidemic
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| This is a group of cases at a specific time and in a specific population in a small area: | outbreak
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| This is a global epidemic: | pandemic
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| AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Influenza are types of: | pandemics
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| These are examples of reservoirs for infections: | human, animal (non-human), and environmental
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| These are an obvious source of pathogens: | human symptomatic reservoirs
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| These are more difficult to identify, carriers may not realize that they are infected and can cause spread of infection to others: | human asymptomatic reservoirs
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| This is an example of an asymptomatic carrier of Typhoid Fever: | Typhoid Mary
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| Salmonella typhi is also known as: | Typhoid Fever
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| These primarily exist in animals, but can be transmitted to humans: | Zoonoses (zoonotic diseases)
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| The plague and rabies are examples of these diseases: | zoonotic
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| These are difficult or impossible to eliminate. Examples are foods, water, soil, and microorganisms that are airborne: | environmental reservoirs
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| This transmission is from pregnant woman to fetus/mother to infant during childbirth or breast feeding: | vertical transmission (womb to baby)
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| This transmission is person to person (host to host) via air, physical contact, ingestion of food or water, or vector: | Horizontal transmission (someone sneezes on you)
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| These are living organisms that can carry pathogen but do not acquire the infection per se: | vectors
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| This is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease | virulence
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| These bind to mucosal epithelial cells: | Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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| These adhere to intestinal epithelial cells: | shigella species
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| This is protected by a capsule: | streptococcus pneumoniae
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| This survives within activated macrophages: | mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| This produces a protein toxin: | E. coli O157:H7
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| This produces an enzyme that destroys cell membranes | Clostridium perfringens
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| This is the minimum number of pathogens required to establish an infection: | The Infective Dose
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| This influences the extent of spread of the infection: | incubation period
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| This is previous exposure (infection); immunization via vaccine: | Immunity to Pathogen
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| This protects non-immune individuals in a population; >80% immunity typically sufficient for protection: | Herd immunity
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| ________________ (genetic changes in pathogen) can overcome immunity | antigenic variation (avian influenza)
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| ____________ women are more susceptible to listeriosis: | pregnant
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