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Micro Exam 1
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is the study of all diseases and disease patterns in populations | epidemiology |
| These people collect and put together data about sources of disease and risk factors | Epidemiologists |
| These disease detectives design infection control strategies, and prevent, or predict spread of disease | Epidemiologists |
| These are transmitted from one host to another | Communicable diseases |
| Communicable diseases are what type of diseases? | CONTAGIOUS |
| Measles, colds, influenza, pneumonia, and strep throat are types of _______ diseases: | communicable (contagious) diseases |
| Transmission of diseases or infections is determined by interactions between these factors: | environment, pathogen, and host |
| What do antimicrobial medications do? | kill or inhibit pathogens |
| What do vaccines do to control transmission? | increase host resistance to infection by pathogen |
| These do not spread from host to host: | non-communicable diseases |
| ______________ most often arise from an individual's normal "microbiota" (_______) or the environment: | Microorganisms, microflora |
| Clostridium tetanus is a _________ disease and is also the cause of _______: | non-communicable, tetanus |
| Epidemiologists are less concerned with the absolute number of cases than the.....: | rate of infections |
| This is the number of new cases/time/population; the measure of the risk of an individual contracting a disease: | incidence rate |
| This is the number of cases at any time for a specific period of time in a given population; includes old/new cases and duration old disease: | prevalence |
| Both incidence and prevalence are expressed as cases per ________ people | 100, 000 |
| This is the incidence of disease in the population at risk | morbidity |
| This is the overall death rate in the population: | mortality |
| In _______ countries, mortality is most often associated with non-communicable diseases such as cancer or a heart attack: | developed |
| Major cause of death due to infection occurs in ________ countries | developing |
| These are constantly present in a population: | endemic diseases |
| The opposite of endemic diseases is: | sporadic diseases (spreading) |
| The common cold and measles are examples of these types of diseases: | endemic |
| This is a greater number of cases of infection in a large area: | epidemic |
| This is a group of cases at a specific time and in a specific population in a small area: | outbreak |
| This is a global epidemic: | pandemic |
| AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Influenza are types of: | pandemics |
| These are examples of reservoirs for infections: | human, animal (non-human), and environmental |
| These are an obvious source of pathogens: | human symptomatic reservoirs |
| These are more difficult to identify, carriers may not realize that they are infected and can cause spread of infection to others: | human asymptomatic reservoirs |
| This is an example of an asymptomatic carrier of Typhoid Fever: | Typhoid Mary |
| Salmonella typhi is also known as: | Typhoid Fever |
| These primarily exist in animals, but can be transmitted to humans: | Zoonoses (zoonotic diseases) |
| The plague and rabies are examples of these diseases: | zoonotic |
| These are difficult or impossible to eliminate. Examples are foods, water, soil, and microorganisms that are airborne: | environmental reservoirs |
| This transmission is from pregnant woman to fetus/mother to infant during childbirth or breast feeding: | vertical transmission (womb to baby) |
| This transmission is person to person (host to host) via air, physical contact, ingestion of food or water, or vector: | Horizontal transmission (someone sneezes on you) |
| These are living organisms that can carry pathogen but do not acquire the infection per se: | vectors |
| This is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease | virulence |
| These bind to mucosal epithelial cells: | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| These adhere to intestinal epithelial cells: | shigella species |
| This is protected by a capsule: | streptococcus pneumoniae |
| This survives within activated macrophages: | mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| This produces a protein toxin: | E. coli O157:H7 |
| This produces an enzyme that destroys cell membranes | Clostridium perfringens |
| This is the minimum number of pathogens required to establish an infection: | The Infective Dose |
| This influences the extent of spread of the infection: | incubation period |
| This is previous exposure (infection); immunization via vaccine: | Immunity to Pathogen |
| This protects non-immune individuals in a population; >80% immunity typically sufficient for protection: | Herd immunity |
| ________________ (genetic changes in pathogen) can overcome immunity | antigenic variation (avian influenza) |
| ____________ women are more susceptible to listeriosis: | pregnant |
Created by:
tparker31
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