GIS key vocab from ESRI dictionary
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| Area of Interest | [map design] The extent used to define a focus area for either a map or database production.
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| CAD | Computer-Aided Design. A computer-based system for the design, drafting, and display of graphical information. Also known as computer-aided drafting, such systems are most commonly used to support engineering, planning, and illustrating activities
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| Data Format | The structure used to store a computer file or record
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| Datum | The reference specifications of a measurement system, usually a system of coordinate positions of a surface (horizontal) or heights above/below a surface (vertical). Ex. WGS 84, NAD 83
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| Geodatabase | Database used to STORE, QUERY, and MANIPULATE spatial data. Stores geometry, spatial reference system, attributes, and behavioral rules for data. Can store feature classes, attribute tables, raster datasets, network datasets, topologies
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| Elevation | Vertical distance of a point or object above/below a reference surface or datum (usually mean sea level). Generally refers to vertical height of land
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| Ellipsoid | 3d, closed geometric shape, all planar sections are ellipses or circles.
Scalene: all three axes are different lengths
spheroid: two of three axes are the same length
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| Feature Class | Collection of geographic features with the same geometry type, same attributes, and same spatial reference. Can be stored in geodatabase, shapefiles, coverage, etc.
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| Feature Dataset | A collection of feature classes stored together that share a spatial reference.
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| Feature Layer | A layer that references a set of feature data. Stores symbology.
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| Gazetteer | A list of geographic place names and their coordinates. May include other information. e.g. USGS Geographic Names Information System
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| GeoEnrichment | Process of adding demographic and lifestyle data to mapas
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| Geographic Coordinate System | A reference system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the surface of a sphere or spheroid. Must include DATUM, PRIME MERIDIAN, and ANGULAR UNIT
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| Hue | Dominant wavelength of a color
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| Image | Representation of a scene. Examples include remotely sensed data, scanned data, photographs. In ArcGIS, a raster dataset
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| Image Coordinate System | x,y coordinate pair specifying location of a pixel in terms of row and column position. x gives column number starting from 0 at left edge; y gives row number starting from 0 at the top
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| Image Space | x,y, coordinate space defined by columns and rows in a raster dataset. For use in a GIS image space must be transformed to real-world coordinate system through georeferencing
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| JSON | JavaScript Object Notation. Data interchange format. An alternative to XML
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| LAN | Local Area Network. Communications hardware and software that connect computers in a small area like a room or building.
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| LAS | Binary file format for storing lidar data
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| Latitude | Angular distance north or south of equtor
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| Longitude | Angular distance east or west of a central meridian (usually Greenwich prime meridian) . All lines of longitude are great circles
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| Large Scale | A map scale that shows a small area on the ground at a high level of detail
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| Lossless Compression | Data compression that can store data without changing values but has a low compression ratio. Used for storing data when raster pixel values are important
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| Lossy Compression | Data compression that has high compression ratios, but does not retain all information in the data. Used to compress raster datasets that will be used as background images.
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| Mosaic Dataset | A collection of raster datasets stored as a catalog and viewed as a mosaicked image
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| Mean Sea Level | Average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide over a 19 year period
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| Mental Map | A person's perception of a place. Psychological construct but can be rendered as an actual map
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| Metadata | Data about data. Describes content, quality, condition, origin, etc of data.
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| NoData | Absence of a recorded value. DOES NOT MEAN 0!!!
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| Pixel | data models: smallest unit of information in an image or raster
remote sensing: fundamental unit of data collection
graphics computing: smallest element of a display device that can be assigned attributes like color and intensit
PICTURE ELEMENT
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| Qualitative Data | Data classified by category (what type?). E.g. soil by type, animals by species. Can be nominal or ordinal.
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| Quantitative Data | Date grouped by measurements of number or amount (how many?, how much?, how often?). Can be discrete or continuous
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| Raster | A spatial data model the defines space as an array of equally sized cells arranged in rows and columns, and composed of single or multiple bands. Each cell contains an attribute value and location coordinates.
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| Small Scale | A map scale that shows a relatively large area on the ground with a low level of detail
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| TIN | TRIANGULAR IRREGULAR NETWORK. Vector data structure that partitions geographic space into contiguous, non-overlapping triangles. Used to display surface models.
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| Tobler's First Law of Geography | "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." Defines spatial autocorrelation
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| Vertical Coordinate System | A reference system that defines the location of z-values relative to a surface
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| XML | EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE. A standardized markup language for designing text formats. Facilitates interchange of data between computer applications. XML is a set of rules for creating standard information formats using customized tags.
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| Z-value | The value for a given surface that locations that represents an attribute other than position. In elevation or terrain model the z-value represents elevation. In other surface models it represents the density of quantity or a particular attribute
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