Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 12e Chapter 3
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| How many major cellular organelles are there? | 11 major cellular organelles
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| What makes up a cell membrane? | millions of phospholipids
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| What is stored in the nucleus? | DNA
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| What does a rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | synthesizes protein
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| Where is the rough ER located? | in front of the nucleus
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| What makes the rough ER rough? | ribosomes
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| What is the purpose of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | makes lipids
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| Where is the smooth ER located? | near the nucleus, after the rough ER
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| What is the golgi apparatus? | a pocket or pita shape with an entrance and exit
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| What does the golgi apparatus do? | allows amino acid chains to fold and communicate with others, edit imperfections and deliver. Grab, Edit, Fold, Deliver.
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| What does mitochondria do? | produces energy for the cell (ATP)
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| What does the peroxisome do? | destroys waste
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| What does the lisosome do? | destroys or recycles waste
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| What does flagellum do? | pushes the cell forward like a propeller
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| What is cilia? | hairlike structures that are used for attachment and slight movements
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| What gives a cell its shape? | cytoskeleton
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| What is mitosis? | the division of a cell
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| What is the interphase cycle of the cell life? | G1 - cell growth, S - genetic material duplicates, G2 - cell growth
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| What are vesicles? | membranous sacs that store or transport substances within a cell and between cells
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| What is a centrosome? | non membranous structure near the golgi apparatus consisting of 2 hollow cylinders
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| What are centrioles? | the 2 hollow cylinders in the centrosome composed of 9 groups of 3 microtubules that distribute chromosomes to newly forming cells
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| What happens in the prophase of mitosis? | DNA begins to coil tightly, centrioles begin to polarize, nuclear envelope begins to break down, microtubules form and associate with centrioles
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| What happens in the metaphase of mitosis? | chromosomes begin to align midway between centrioles creating a 'plate'
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| What happens in the anaphase of mitosis? | centromeres are pulled apart (opposite directions) pulled towards centrioles
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| What happens in the telophase of mitosis? | chromosome migration is complete, cleavage furrows form, nuclear envelopes develop, chromosomes elongate/unwind into chromatin, nucleoli appear in the nuclei
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| Packed or smooshed DNA is called _____________. | chromatin
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| Proteins are added to chromatin to make _________________. | chromatids
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| Two chromatids paired make a ________________. | chromosome (centromere)
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| What are the phases of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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