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A&P Chapter 3 Cells
Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 12e Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many major cellular organelles are there? | 11 major cellular organelles |
| What makes up a cell membrane? | millions of phospholipids |
| What is stored in the nucleus? | DNA |
| What does a rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | synthesizes protein |
| Where is the rough ER located? | in front of the nucleus |
| What makes the rough ER rough? | ribosomes |
| What is the purpose of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | makes lipids |
| Where is the smooth ER located? | near the nucleus, after the rough ER |
| What is the golgi apparatus? | a pocket or pita shape with an entrance and exit |
| What does the golgi apparatus do? | allows amino acid chains to fold and communicate with others, edit imperfections and deliver. Grab, Edit, Fold, Deliver. |
| What does mitochondria do? | produces energy for the cell (ATP) |
| What does the peroxisome do? | destroys waste |
| What does the lisosome do? | destroys or recycles waste |
| What does flagellum do? | pushes the cell forward like a propeller |
| What is cilia? | hairlike structures that are used for attachment and slight movements |
| What gives a cell its shape? | cytoskeleton |
| What is mitosis? | the division of a cell |
| What is the interphase cycle of the cell life? | G1 - cell growth, S - genetic material duplicates, G2 - cell growth |
| What are vesicles? | membranous sacs that store or transport substances within a cell and between cells |
| What is a centrosome? | non membranous structure near the golgi apparatus consisting of 2 hollow cylinders |
| What are centrioles? | the 2 hollow cylinders in the centrosome composed of 9 groups of 3 microtubules that distribute chromosomes to newly forming cells |
| What happens in the prophase of mitosis? | DNA begins to coil tightly, centrioles begin to polarize, nuclear envelope begins to break down, microtubules form and associate with centrioles |
| What happens in the metaphase of mitosis? | chromosomes begin to align midway between centrioles creating a 'plate' |
| What happens in the anaphase of mitosis? | centromeres are pulled apart (opposite directions) pulled towards centrioles |
| What happens in the telophase of mitosis? | chromosome migration is complete, cleavage furrows form, nuclear envelopes develop, chromosomes elongate/unwind into chromatin, nucleoli appear in the nuclei |
| Packed or smooshed DNA is called _____________. | chromatin |
| Proteins are added to chromatin to make _________________. | chromatids |
| Two chromatids paired make a ________________. | chromosome (centromere) |
| What are the phases of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
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