terms to learn
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| chemistry | is all about matter and the study of matter
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| periodic table | there are twenty that are necessary for life
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| matter | anything that takes up space
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| water | 65% of who you are is water
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| atom | center of atom is nucleus which consists of protons and neutrons and electrons float around
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| protons | are positive charge
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| neutrons | are neutral charges
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| electrons | are negative charges
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| ions | a charged particle carries a charge
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| ionic bond | occurs when a positive and negative charges / ions come together and neutralizes charge they balance each other out
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| covalent bond | when you have elements that are negatively charged but they share the bond / electrons equally
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| molecule | is formed when you have two or more atoms that come together
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| compound | two or more different elements that come together
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| acid | is a substance that will give hydrogen off
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| base | is an ion that will accept hydrogen
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| ph | measures how much concentration of hydrogen in a solution
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| ph scale | measures from 0 to 14 (zero to fourteen) 50% hydrogen concentration 7 is the exact middle (neutral) example pure distilled water is 7 anything less than that is acidic anything more is basic
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| buffer | is a solution that prevents a change in the ph balance
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| carbohydrates | organic substance that provide energy for cellular activities and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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| Lipids | organic substance that are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
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| saturated fatty acids | steak beef butter
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| unsaturated fatty acids | salmon, olive oil, better for you they digest different
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| phospholipids | body uses to make the cell wall
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| proteins | what the structure of a protein is and how you break it down
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| primary structure | long chain of amino acids
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| secondary structure | long chain of amino acids pleated or twisted into a coil
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| Tertiary | more pleats and twists into a globular form looks like a glob
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| Quaternary | two or more strands join into a larger molecule
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| protein breakdown | when your body breaks it down its opposite and starts from 4, 3, 2, 1 (quaternary, tertiary, secondary, primary)
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| conformations | determine how proteins function
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| denaturation | disruption of a proteins shape by ph
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| Nucleic acids | are RNA, DNA, ATP
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| DNA | Heredity material and a chromotin
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| ATP | energy
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| cell membrane | is made up of many phospholipids entire outside layer (skin) is phospholipids
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| Nucleus | where your DNA is stored
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| Rough Endoplasmic reticulum | (rough ER) synthesis protein what makes it rough are ribosomes they build a protein a long chain of amino acids
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| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | (smooth ER) synthesizes lipids it makes the lipids
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| Golgi apparatus | grabs newly formed amino acid edits chains allows it to fold then delivers it, it is like the protein protector you need protein
because they do everything
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| mitochondria | produces energy in the form of ATP
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| Note | think of a cell as if is a city and you have to get rid of the trash
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| peroxisome | destroys junk-waste and breaks it down
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| lysosomes | has two functions it can destroy the waste it can recycle it
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| flagellum | is like a propeller it pushes a cell forward example-sperm
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| cilia | are hair like structure that allows the cell to attached and move a little bit
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| cytoskeleton | it gives the cell its structure or hold its shapes
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