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chapter 2 Anat. Phys
terms to learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemistry | is all about matter and the study of matter |
| periodic table | there are twenty that are necessary for life |
| matter | anything that takes up space |
| water | 65% of who you are is water |
| atom | center of atom is nucleus which consists of protons and neutrons and electrons float around |
| protons | are positive charge |
| neutrons | are neutral charges |
| electrons | are negative charges |
| ions | a charged particle carries a charge |
| ionic bond | occurs when a positive and negative charges / ions come together and neutralizes charge they balance each other out |
| covalent bond | when you have elements that are negatively charged but they share the bond / electrons equally |
| molecule | is formed when you have two or more atoms that come together |
| compound | two or more different elements that come together |
| acid | is a substance that will give hydrogen off |
| base | is an ion that will accept hydrogen |
| ph | measures how much concentration of hydrogen in a solution |
| ph scale | measures from 0 to 14 (zero to fourteen) 50% hydrogen concentration 7 is the exact middle (neutral) example pure distilled water is 7 anything less than that is acidic anything more is basic |
| buffer | is a solution that prevents a change in the ph balance |
| carbohydrates | organic substance that provide energy for cellular activities and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Lipids | organic substance that are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. |
| saturated fatty acids | steak beef butter |
| unsaturated fatty acids | salmon, olive oil, better for you they digest different |
| phospholipids | body uses to make the cell wall |
| proteins | what the structure of a protein is and how you break it down |
| primary structure | long chain of amino acids |
| secondary structure | long chain of amino acids pleated or twisted into a coil |
| Tertiary | more pleats and twists into a globular form looks like a glob |
| Quaternary | two or more strands join into a larger molecule |
| protein breakdown | when your body breaks it down its opposite and starts from 4, 3, 2, 1 (quaternary, tertiary, secondary, primary) |
| conformations | determine how proteins function |
| denaturation | disruption of a proteins shape by ph |
| Nucleic acids | are RNA, DNA, ATP |
| DNA | Heredity material and a chromotin |
| ATP | energy |
| cell membrane | is made up of many phospholipids entire outside layer (skin) is phospholipids |
| Nucleus | where your DNA is stored |
| Rough Endoplasmic reticulum | (rough ER) synthesis protein what makes it rough are ribosomes they build a protein a long chain of amino acids |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | (smooth ER) synthesizes lipids it makes the lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | grabs newly formed amino acid edits chains allows it to fold then delivers it, it is like the protein protector you need protein because they do everything |
| mitochondria | produces energy in the form of ATP |
| Note | think of a cell as if is a city and you have to get rid of the trash |
| peroxisome | destroys junk-waste and breaks it down |
| lysosomes | has two functions it can destroy the waste it can recycle it |
| flagellum | is like a propeller it pushes a cell forward example-sperm |
| cilia | are hair like structure that allows the cell to attached and move a little bit |
| cytoskeleton | it gives the cell its structure or hold its shapes |
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