Vocab Terms
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| Adaption | Structures, physiological processes, or behaviors that aid in survival, and reproduction in a particular environment. Adaptations change over time due to the animal’s surroundings to develop stronger animals.
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| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that still holds the properties of that element.
Example: A diamond is made up of carbon, so the smallest unit of a diamond is one unit of carbon.
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| Autotroph | An organism able to create its own energy using chemicals or light to synthesize inorganic matter into organic matter; plants use a process called photosynthesis to take in sunlight and store it in molecules; only plant cells have chloroplasts
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| Binomial System | An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.
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| Biodiversity | The diversity of species and the interactions that sustain them.
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| Cell | The smallest unit of life. All living things are made up of cells. There are two types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Robert Hooke is credited for discovering the cell by looking at cork through a microscope.
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| Cell Theory | States that the cell is the fundamental unit of living matter; credited by two scientists in the 1830’s: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden
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| Chromosomes | A single DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize the DNA.
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| Community | Different populations that interact with one another
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| Conclusion | A summary based on evidence or facts
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| Control | In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
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| Cytoplasm | The material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusively the nucleus. It holds the organelles in place and gives the cell its shape by filling in the remaining space in the cell.
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| Deductive reasoning | the process of making a hypothesis based on a scientific theory
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Contains the hereditary information of all known forms of life
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| Domain | A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
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| Element | What forms all matter. Elements cannot be broken down.
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| Energy | The ability to do work or the use of metabolic capacities in organisms to convert some combination of light, biomass (total mass in a living organism), organic compounds, gases, and water into useful chemical-bond energy.
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| Eukaryotic | The type of cell that contains internal structures surrounded by a membrane; domain: Eukaryota or Eukarya; evolved from Prokaryotic cells; made up of many organelles: nucleus, ribosomes, lysosome, etc; all animals are Eukaryotic
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| Evolution | A scientific theory that states that all life currently on Earth came from pre-existing life forms, with modification.
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| Experiment | The procedure of conducting a test which will give information and results which can determine if the hypothesis is correct and create a conclusion.
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| Gene | A segment of DNA located in a particular place on a chromosome that encodes the information for amino acid sequence of a protein, and and hence particular traits.
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| Heterotroph | An organism that feeds off of other organisms.
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| Homeostasis | The internal environment remains constant although the environment changes. (ex. organisms balance the amount of salt and water they have in them)
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| Hypothesis | A supposition based on previous observations that is offered as an explanation for the observed phenomenon and is used as the basis for further observations, or experiments.
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| Inductive reasoning | The process of creating a generalization, coupled with an absence of observations that contradict it.
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| Kingdom | The 6 subdivisions used to classify organisms from the three primary domains; plantae,animalia, fungi, protista,eubacteria, archaebacteria.
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| Molecule | Atoms that form together to produce other substances. (ex: two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom forms one molecule of water)
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| Multicellular | Many-celled
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| Mutation | A change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene
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| Natural causality | All events can be traced to natural causes that are potentially within our ability to comprehend
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| Natural Selection | The unequal survival and reproduction of organisms due to environmental influences, this results in the conservation of all favorable adaptations.
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| Nucleus | A membrane-enclosed sac containing the cell’s genetic material
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| Nutrient | The materials an organism needs to survive, they are gathered from the air, water, soil, or other living things
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| Observation | Specific information taken from a primary source that can start a prediction. (ex. the texture of a chemical, the temperature of a substance)
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| Organ | Different tissues combine to form organs, such as a stomach or kidney.
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| Organelle | A structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that performs a very specific role, such as the nucleus or mitochondria.
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| Organic Molecule | Complex molecules can only be created in living things. They form life. Organic molecules are based on a framework of carbon with some hydrogen.
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| Organism | A living things made up of 1 or more cells that generally have more than one organ system.
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| Organ System | Organs of the same function such as the digestive system or respiratory system.
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| Photosynthesis | The process in which plants and some organisms convert light energy(low energy inorganic molecules such as carbon dioxide and water) into chemical energy(high energy organic molecules like carbohydrates).
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| Plasma membrane | A thin layer inside a cell that surrounds and encloses the cytoplasm.
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| Population | A group of organisms of the same species.
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| Prediction | A statement based off the hypothesis given in, “If…...then” format that is used to offer an answer the the question. It is later tested by experiments.
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| Prokaryotic | Cells that lack internal surfaces surrounded by membrane; these cells are found to have no organelles and no true nucleus but they still contain DNA; small in size and less compressed
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| Question | The second step of the Scientific Method, which is asked because of the observation, or what the scientist is going to investigate(ex. Observation- Car won't start, Question- Why won't the car start?)
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| Scientific Method | Rigorous procedure for making observations of specific phenomena and searching for the order underlying those phenomena.
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| Scientific Theory | A general explanation of natural phenomena developed through extensive and reproducible observations.
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| Species | Organisms of the same type that are capable of breeding with one another.
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| Tissue | Tissues are formed when cells of the same type combine (ex. muscles are tissue that are formed from cells)
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| Unicellular | Single-celled, or to only have one cell.
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| Variable | Not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change.
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