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Honors Biology HW #1
Vocab Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adaption | Structures, physiological processes, or behaviors that aid in survival, and reproduction in a particular environment. Adaptations change over time due to the animal’s surroundings to develop stronger animals. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that still holds the properties of that element. Example: A diamond is made up of carbon, so the smallest unit of a diamond is one unit of carbon. |
| Autotroph | An organism able to create its own energy using chemicals or light to synthesize inorganic matter into organic matter; plants use a process called photosynthesis to take in sunlight and store it in molecules; only plant cells have chloroplasts |
| Binomial System | An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species. |
| Biodiversity | The diversity of species and the interactions that sustain them. |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life. All living things are made up of cells. There are two types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Robert Hooke is credited for discovering the cell by looking at cork through a microscope. |
| Cell Theory | States that the cell is the fundamental unit of living matter; credited by two scientists in the 1830’s: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden |
| Chromosomes | A single DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize the DNA. |
| Community | Different populations that interact with one another |
| Conclusion | A summary based on evidence or facts |
| Control | In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison |
| Cytoplasm | The material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusively the nucleus. It holds the organelles in place and gives the cell its shape by filling in the remaining space in the cell. |
| Deductive reasoning | the process of making a hypothesis based on a scientific theory |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Contains the hereditary information of all known forms of life |
| Domain | A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. |
| Element | What forms all matter. Elements cannot be broken down. |
| Energy | The ability to do work or the use of metabolic capacities in organisms to convert some combination of light, biomass (total mass in a living organism), organic compounds, gases, and water into useful chemical-bond energy. |
| Eukaryotic | The type of cell that contains internal structures surrounded by a membrane; domain: Eukaryota or Eukarya; evolved from Prokaryotic cells; made up of many organelles: nucleus, ribosomes, lysosome, etc; all animals are Eukaryotic |
| Evolution | A scientific theory that states that all life currently on Earth came from pre-existing life forms, with modification. |
| Experiment | The procedure of conducting a test which will give information and results which can determine if the hypothesis is correct and create a conclusion. |
| Gene | A segment of DNA located in a particular place on a chromosome that encodes the information for amino acid sequence of a protein, and and hence particular traits. |
| Heterotroph | An organism that feeds off of other organisms. |
| Homeostasis | The internal environment remains constant although the environment changes. (ex. organisms balance the amount of salt and water they have in them) |
| Hypothesis | A supposition based on previous observations that is offered as an explanation for the observed phenomenon and is used as the basis for further observations, or experiments. |
| Inductive reasoning | The process of creating a generalization, coupled with an absence of observations that contradict it. |
| Kingdom | The 6 subdivisions used to classify organisms from the three primary domains; plantae,animalia, fungi, protista,eubacteria, archaebacteria. |
| Molecule | Atoms that form together to produce other substances. (ex: two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom forms one molecule of water) |
| Multicellular | Many-celled |
| Mutation | A change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene |
| Natural causality | All events can be traced to natural causes that are potentially within our ability to comprehend |
| Natural Selection | The unequal survival and reproduction of organisms due to environmental influences, this results in the conservation of all favorable adaptations. |
| Nucleus | A membrane-enclosed sac containing the cell’s genetic material |
| Nutrient | The materials an organism needs to survive, they are gathered from the air, water, soil, or other living things |
| Observation | Specific information taken from a primary source that can start a prediction. (ex. the texture of a chemical, the temperature of a substance) |
| Organ | Different tissues combine to form organs, such as a stomach or kidney. |
| Organelle | A structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that performs a very specific role, such as the nucleus or mitochondria. |
| Organic Molecule | Complex molecules can only be created in living things. They form life. Organic molecules are based on a framework of carbon with some hydrogen. |
| Organism | A living things made up of 1 or more cells that generally have more than one organ system. |
| Organ System | Organs of the same function such as the digestive system or respiratory system. |
| Photosynthesis | The process in which plants and some organisms convert light energy(low energy inorganic molecules such as carbon dioxide and water) into chemical energy(high energy organic molecules like carbohydrates). |
| Plasma membrane | A thin layer inside a cell that surrounds and encloses the cytoplasm. |
| Population | A group of organisms of the same species. |
| Prediction | A statement based off the hypothesis given in, “If…...then” format that is used to offer an answer the the question. It is later tested by experiments. |
| Prokaryotic | Cells that lack internal surfaces surrounded by membrane; these cells are found to have no organelles and no true nucleus but they still contain DNA; small in size and less compressed |
| Question | The second step of the Scientific Method, which is asked because of the observation, or what the scientist is going to investigate(ex. Observation- Car won't start, Question- Why won't the car start?) |
| Scientific Method | Rigorous procedure for making observations of specific phenomena and searching for the order underlying those phenomena. |
| Scientific Theory | A general explanation of natural phenomena developed through extensive and reproducible observations. |
| Species | Organisms of the same type that are capable of breeding with one another. |
| Tissue | Tissues are formed when cells of the same type combine (ex. muscles are tissue that are formed from cells) |
| Unicellular | Single-celled, or to only have one cell. |
| Variable | Not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change. |
Created by:
rebeccamichaelss
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