Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password

Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Chapters 1,3-5,7,8

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
Major groups of microorganisms   show
🗑
show Prokaryotes unicellular, lack a nuclei, smaller than eukaryotes some extreme environments reproduce asexually bacteria cell walls  
🗑
show Prokaryotes unicellular halophiles thermophiles share phenotypic characteristics with bacteria  
🗑
show unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic simple reproductive structures pigmentation composition of cell wall  
🗑
Classification of PROTOZOA   show
🗑
show eukaryotic obtain food from other organism molds-multicellular grow as long filaments yeasts-unicellular  
🗑
show parasitic worms eukaryotic multicellular complex life cycles many macroscopic many ways of entry  
🗑
show not living acellular (proteins and nucleic acids) must have living cell to reproduce no metabolism  
🗑
show bacteria is ubiquitous (everywhere) bacteria and algae more than 70% of earths photosynthesis majority of the oxygen to the atmosphere  
🗑
show outnumber human cells 10 to 1 nearly 2000 different microbes can cause diseases typically on harmful microorganisms examples: Heart disease, cancer, stroke, pulmonary disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, flu, pneumonia, kidney disease  
🗑
show developed the theory of spontaneous generation stating that -living things can originate from anything non-living -sterile-completely free of life forms living things discriminate between optical isomers developed vaccines for anthrax  
🗑
What are the steps of the scientific method?   show
🗑
Who is Robert Koch?   show
🗑
show NAMING of living things appropiately  
🗑
Taxonomy   show
🗑
show taxonomic scheme that represents the natural relatedness between groups of living things  
🗑
Domain BACTERIA   show
🗑
Domain ARCHAEA   show
🗑
Domain EUKARYA   show
🗑
Binomial system   show
🗑
show Mushroom  
🗑
show recombinant DNA technology  
🗑
show Condenser  
🗑
Abiogenesis refers to the -spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter -development of life forms from preexisting life forms -development of aseptic techniques -germ theory of disease   show
🗑
A hypothesis can be defined as -a belied based on knowledge -knowledge based on belief -a scientific explanation that is subject to testing -a theory that has been thoroughly tested   show
🗑
show a theory  
🗑
show species genus family order class phylum kingdom domain  
🗑
show bacteria and archaea  
🗑
show atom protein adenovirus rickettsia coccus-shaped bacterium white blood cell amoeba helminths  
🗑
show inoculation incubation isolation inspection identification  
🗑
show producing a culture, microbes must be provided with all of their required nutrients in an artificial medium  
🗑
Incubation   show
🗑
isolation   show
🗑
show colonies and broth culture are observed for growth characteristics that could be useful for analyzing the specimen content  
🗑
show determination of the type of microbe, usually to the level of species  
🗑
three categories of Media classification   show
🗑
physical state   show
🗑
show chemically definied complex  
🗑
show general purpose enriched selective differential anaerobic growth specimen transport assay enumeration  
🗑
Pure culture   show
🗑
show container that holds 2 or more identified, easily differentiated species or microorganisms  
🗑
show culture that was once pure or mixed that now contains contaminants or unwanted microbes of uncertain identity  
🗑
streak plate method   show
🗑
show method of choice for counting the number of colony forming bacteria present in a liquid specimen  
🗑
show a series of sequential dilutions used to reduce a dense culture of cells to a more usable concentration  
🗑
microbial dimensions small to largest   show
🗑
show apparent enlargement of a specimen clear glass sphere can magnify most objects  
🗑
show the capacity of an optical system to distinguish or separate 2 adjacent objects or points from one another  
🗑
show differences in intensity between 2 objects, or an object and its background  
🗑
brightfield microscope (compound)   show
🗑
phase contrast microscope   show
🗑
dark field microscope   show
🗑
show basic dyes stain acidic structures positive stain cells are typically negative  
🗑
anionic dyes   show
🗑
gram stain   show
🗑
show macroscopic, media  
🗑
show contains 2 or more known species  
🗑
Resolution is _____ with a longer wavelength of light. -improved -worsened -not changed -not possible   show
🗑
A real image is produced by the -ocular -objective -condenser -eye   show
🗑
A microscope that has a total magnification of 1500x when using the oil immersion objective has an ocular of what power? -150x -1.5x -15x -30x   show
🗑
show killed  
🗑
Motility i sbest observed with a -hanging drop preparation -negative stain -streak plate -flagellar stain   show
🗑
show contain large amounts of acidic substances  
🗑
a fastidious organism must be grown on what type of medium? -general purpose medium -differential medium -defined medium -enriched medium   show
🗑
show bacteria can reproduce, metabolize, and nutrient processing bacteria does not wind DNA and archaea does bacteria and archaea have nuclear material free in cytoplasm eukaryotes have a nucles and wind with DNA bacteria cell wall made up of peptidoglycan  
🗑
show 3 basic shapes coccus-round bacillus-oval spirillium-spiral diplo-2 tetrads-groups of four staphylo-grapes strepto-chains of a few to a hundred sarcina-cube packet of 8,16 or more  
🗑
show -gram positive peptidoglycan layer is thick, has teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids -gram negative is thin and has porins, periplasm, and lipoproteins  
🗑
show groups of pathogenic bacteria membrane is stabilized by sterols and is resistant to lysis ex: chlamydia  
🗑
mycobacterium   show
🗑
glycocalyces   show
🗑
Flagella structure   show
🗑
monotrichous (polar)   show
🗑
Lophotrichous (polar)   show
🗑
amphitrichous (polar)   show
🗑
peritrichous   show
🗑
atrichous   show
🗑
fimbriae   show
🗑
pili (sex pilus)   show
🗑
show structure produced by some bacteria that can withstand hostile conditions and facilitate survival can resist: heating, drying, freezing, radiation, and chemicals gram positive bacillus  
🗑
endospores gram positive bacillus and medical importance   show
🗑
show -convert CO2 and H2 into methane CH4 -common inhabitants of anaerobic swamp mud, bottom of lake -gas produced in swamps may become source of fuel -contribute to greenhouse gas  
🗑
show -flourish at temps between 80 and 113 degrees Celsius and cannot grow below 50 degrees Celsius -live in volcanic waters and soils -often salt and acid tolerant  
🗑
psychrophiles   show
🗑
halophiles   show
🗑
Parts of a microscope   show
🗑
show divisions diagnostic scheme subgroups  
🗑
show gracilicutes-gram neg cell walls, thin firmicutes-gram pos cell walls, thick and strong tenericutes-lack a cell wall, soft mendosicutes-archaea  
🗑
diagnostic scheme   show
🗑
subgroups   show
🗑
show developed by Hans Christian Gram 2 major groups of bacteria, gram + and gram- dif. lie in the structure of the cell envelope iodine forms with crystal violet in peptidoglycan layer for gram + strips lipids in outer mem and decolors layer in gram -  
🗑
show actin like cytoskeleton  
🗑
Pili are tubular shafts in ____bacteria that serve as a means of _____.   show
🗑
show a capsule  
🗑
Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function? -transport -motility -support -adhesion   show
🗑
show peptidoglycan  
🗑
show PO4, Corynebacterium  
🗑
Bacterial endospores usually function in -reproduction -survival -protein synthesis -storage   show
🗑
A bacterial arrangement in packets of eight cells is described as a -micrococcus -diplococcus -tetrad -sarcina   show
🗑
show Gracilicutes  
🗑
Which stain is used to distinguish differences between the cell walls of medically important bacteria? -simple stain -acridine orange stain -gram stain -negative stain   show
🗑
show fungal infections of humans and animalssaprobes  
🗑
show saprobes feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms parasites derive nutrients from the cells and tissues of a host  
🗑
show -strains of different mating types must meet (hyphae or mycelium) for sexual spore formation -allow for genetic variation -usually microscopic  
🗑
asexual life cycle   show
🗑
show formed by successive cleavages within a sporangium (spore bearing sac)  
🗑
show free spores not enclosed by a spore bearing sac  
🗑
superficial mycoses   show
🗑
subcutaneous mycoses   show
🗑
show fungal growth in internal organs of the body, such as lungs -subclassified as primary or secondary infections  
🗑
Locomotion of Protists   show
🗑
pseudopod   show
🗑
flagella   show
🗑
cilia   show
🗑
life cycle of protists   show
🗑
Trophozoite   show
🗑
Cyst   show
🗑
show a protist disease caused by Plasmodium spp.  
🗑
show -is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects -life cycle involves development of blood feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host  
🗑
show all flatworms -class cestoda (tape worms) -class trematoda (flukes)  
🗑
show roundworms, hookworms, pinworms  
🗑
show fertilized egg-environment larval stage-intermediate host adult stage-definitive host  
🗑
intermediate (secondary) host   show
🗑
show host in which adulthood and mating occur  
🗑
show -shape -size -degree of development of organs -presence of hooks, suckers, other special structures -mode of reproduction -kinds of hosts -appearance of eggs and larvae  
🗑
Vectors   show
🗑
show 2 classes of arthropod -arachnida -insecta  
🗑
Both flagella and cilia are found primarily in -algae -protozoa -fungi -both a and c   show
🗑
show ribosomes double membrane structure pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm  
🗑
The cell wall is found in which eukaryotes -fungi -algae -protozoa -a and b   show
🗑
Yeasts are ____ fungi, and molds are ____ fungi.   show
🗑
Algae generally contain some type of -spore -chlorophyll -locomotor organelle -toxin   show
🗑
Almost all protozoa have a -locomotor organelle -cyst stage -pellicle -trophozoite stage   show
🗑
All mature sporozoa are -parasitic -nonmotile -carried by vectors -both a and b   show
🗑
parasitic helminths reproduce with -spores -eggs and sperm -mitosis -cysts -all of these   show
🗑
show bacteria  
🗑
Most helminth infections -are localized to one site in the body -spread through major systems of the body -develop within the spleen -develop within the liver   show
🗑
show prokaryotic cell division following enlargement of a cell to twice its minimum size  
🗑
show time required for microbial cells to double in number minutes to double-exponential growth  
🗑
microbial growth curve   show
🗑
show synthesize enzymes when bacteria is in a media  
🗑
log phase   show
🗑
show runs out of nutrients population constant wastes accumulate  
🗑
death phase   show
🗑
show spread plate w/serial dilution pour plate w/serial dilution most probable number count  
🗑
show microscopic (hemacytometer) electronic  
🗑
indirect methods when weren't not directly counting   show
🗑
phototroph vs chemotroph   show
🗑
autotroph vs. heterotrophs   show
🗑
environmental factors affecting growth   show
🗑
temperature affecting growth   show
🗑
show obligate aerobe-essential has enzymes to detoxify facultative anaerobe-capable of growth in absence of O2 but prefers obligate anaerobe-O2 is deadly, can't detoxify aerotolerant anaerobes-can survive and grow to a limited extent in presence of O2  
🗑
pH requirements affecting growth   show
🗑
show restricts organisms to certain environments requires high levels of salt- halophiles best of solute conc 3 to 12 % halotolerant can tolerate solutes 1to 7 % nonhalophiles need very low conc  
🗑
symbiotic   show
🗑
show organisms are free living, relationships not required for survival -synergism/members cooperate and share nutrients -antagonism/some members are inhibited or destroyed by others  
🗑
Biofilms   show
🗑
show cells are stimulated to release chemicals as the population grows to monitor its size  
🗑
show gram - positive feedback 180 genes during reg metabolism 600 genes in high cell density  
🗑
AIP (Autoinducing peptide)   show
🗑
show cross species talk  
🗑
show an inorganic environmental reservoir  
🗑
An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is -photoautotroph -photoheterotroph -chemoautotroph -chemoheterotroph   show
🗑
Chemoautotrophs can survive on ______ alone.   show
🗑
show require inorganic nutrients  
🗑
A pathogen would most accurately be described as a -parasite -commensal -saprobe -symbiont   show
🗑
Which of the following is true of passive transport -it requires a gradient -it uses the cell wall -it includes endocytosis -it only moves water   show
🗑
A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will _____ by osmosis.   show
🗑
show at refrigeration temps  
🗑
Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes because they lack -catalase -peroxidase -dismutase -oxidase   show
🗑
show colony, cell  
🗑
constitutive enzyme   show
🗑
show production is turned on (induced) or turned off (repressed) in response to changes in concentration of substrate  
🗑
show stops further synthesis of an enzyme somewhere along its pathway response time is longer than for feedback inhibition  
🗑
show enzymes appear induced only when suitable substrates are present inverse of enzyme repression  
🗑
aerobic respiration   show
🗑
show utilizes glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain but final electron acceptor is NO3, SO4, or CO3 NOT O2 less efficient than aerobic  
🗑
glycolysis   show
🗑
pyruvic acid   show
🗑
show doesn't require O2 depends on by products of respiration to continue -all reactions occur twice for each glucose molecule because 2 pyruvates are formed during glycolysis -2 ATPs acetyl coA  
🗑
show series of oxidations and reductions receives electrons from NADH and FADH2 electrons are passed from one protein to the next electron at the end is spent and given final acceptor as OXYGEN -34 ATPs  
🗑
show 38 ATPs  
🗑
show utilized by every organism, to some extent , perferred method of making ATP by some by itself it makes no ATP oxygen is not required yields 2 ATP from glycolysis  
🗑
alcoholic fermentation   show
🗑
show lipases- breaks apart fatty acids joined to glycerol glycerol is then converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate which can enter glycolysis  
🗑
show proteases- break down proteins to their amino acid components amino group removed through deamination remaining carbon converted to the krebs cycle decarboxylation is also possible  
🗑
show some metabolic pathways can be used in forward and reverse direction increased efficiency given molecule can serve multiple purposes to derive max benefit both catabolism and anabolism  
🗑
show light dependent reactions- proceed only in the presence of sunlight light-independent-proceed regardless of lighting conditions  
🗑
show the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy  
🗑
carbohydrate catabolism   show
🗑
Catabolism is a form of metabolism in which ________ molecules are converted into _______ molecules   show
🗑
show is heat and pH labile  
🗑
show active site  
🗑
To digest cellulose in its environment, a fungus produces a/an -endoenzyme -exoenzyme -catalase -polymerase   show
🗑
Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of -ADP -high energy ATP bonds -coenzymes -inorganic phosphate   show
🗑
Many coenzymes -metals -vitamins -proteins -substrates   show
🗑
show ATP  
🗑
show 2  
🗑
Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of _______ ATPs.   show
🗑
show 3  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: vtlove116
Popular Biology sets