CH 55
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| law of conservation of mass | physical law stating that matter can change form, but cannot be created or destroyed; in a closed system the mass of the system is constant
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| primary producer | an autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism - they make up the trophic level of an ecosystem that supports all other levels
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| primary consumer | an herbivore or organism that eats plants or other autotrophs
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| secondary consumer | a carnivore that eats herbivores
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| tertiary consumer | a carnivore that eats other carnivores
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| detritivore/decomposer | consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from non-living organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material and the wastes of living organisms
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| detritus | dead organic matter
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| primary production | the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) by the autotrophs in an ecosystem during a given time period
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| Gross Primary Production (GPP) | total primary production of an ecosystem
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| Net Primary Production (NPP) | the GPP of an ecosystem minus the energy used by the producers for respiration
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| Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) | GPP of an ecosystem minus the energy used by all autotrophs and heterotrophs for respiration
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| limiting nutrient | an element that must be added for production to increase in a particular area
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| eutrophication | process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorous and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria
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| secondary production | the amount of chemical energy in consumers' food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given time period
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| production efficiency | the percentage of energy stored in assimilated food that is not used for respiration or eliminated as waste
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| trophic efficiency | the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level
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| turnover time | the time required to replace the standing crop of a population or group of populations calculated as the ratio of standing crop to production
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| biogeochemical cycles | any of the various chemical cycles, which involve both biotic and abiotic components of an ecosytem
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| bioremediation | the use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems
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| biological augmentation | an approach to restoration ecology that uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem
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