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AP BIO
CH 55
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| law of conservation of mass | physical law stating that matter can change form, but cannot be created or destroyed; in a closed system the mass of the system is constant |
| primary producer | an autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism - they make up the trophic level of an ecosystem that supports all other levels |
| primary consumer | an herbivore or organism that eats plants or other autotrophs |
| secondary consumer | a carnivore that eats herbivores |
| tertiary consumer | a carnivore that eats other carnivores |
| detritivore/decomposer | consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from non-living organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material and the wastes of living organisms |
| detritus | dead organic matter |
| primary production | the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) by the autotrophs in an ecosystem during a given time period |
| Gross Primary Production (GPP) | total primary production of an ecosystem |
| Net Primary Production (NPP) | the GPP of an ecosystem minus the energy used by the producers for respiration |
| Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) | GPP of an ecosystem minus the energy used by all autotrophs and heterotrophs for respiration |
| limiting nutrient | an element that must be added for production to increase in a particular area |
| eutrophication | process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorous and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria |
| secondary production | the amount of chemical energy in consumers' food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given time period |
| production efficiency | the percentage of energy stored in assimilated food that is not used for respiration or eliminated as waste |
| trophic efficiency | the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level |
| turnover time | the time required to replace the standing crop of a population or group of populations calculated as the ratio of standing crop to production |
| biogeochemical cycles | any of the various chemical cycles, which involve both biotic and abiotic components of an ecosytem |
| bioremediation | the use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems |
| biological augmentation | an approach to restoration ecology that uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem |
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Fox Science
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