Marine Biology Module 2
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| Metabolism | The process by which a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop, and grow.
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| Photosynthesis | The process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food
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| Autotroph | Organisms those are able to produce their own food
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| Heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms
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| Respiration | The process by which food is converted into useable energy for life functions
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| Homeostatis | The tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment.
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| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
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| Osmoconformer | An organism that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water.
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| Osmoregulator | An organism that regulates its internal concentration of salt
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| Poikilotherm | An organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment
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| Ectotherm | An organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment.
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| Homeotherm | An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms.
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| Endotherm | An animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat.
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| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction accomplished by a single organism
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| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female.
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| Binomial nomenclature | Identifying an organism by its genus and species name
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| 5 criteria for life | Respiration, regulate internal enviroment, reproduce, respond to changes in surroundings and have DNA
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| Carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates, made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, include simple sugars, glucose, and starches (chains of simple sugars along with other components).
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| Proteins | made from amino acids, part of tissue, hair, skin of marine animals, hormones, enzymes.
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| Lipids | energy storage
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| Neucleic acids | made of nucleotides. Form DNA
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| Organic compounds | Carbohydrates, Protiens, Lipids, and neuleic acids
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| Producers | Organisms that take the sun's rays and transform it into useable energy using photosynthesis
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| Chlorophyll | Pigment that absorbs the sun's rays and helps with photosynthesis
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| Adenosine triphospate | ATP for short, stores energy
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| Primary production | The production of extra energy (for hetertrophs)
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| Primary producers | Producers that undergo primary production
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| Cell | The basic unit of life
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| Plasma membrane | The outer wall of shell of a cell that separates the internal fluid from the enviroment
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| Organelles | Membrane bound specialized structures that perform specific duties within the cell
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| Prokaryotic/prokaryote | A cell that has a cell wall, but no organelles
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| Eukaryotic/eukaryote | A cell that has cellwall, plasma membrane and organelles
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| Chromosomes | A the structure that holds the cell's DNA
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| Nucleus | The "center" of the cell which has the DNA-weilding chromosomes. Controls the functions of the cell
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| Mitochondria | Powerhouses of the cell
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Made of folded membranes, responsible for constrcution and transport of organic molecules
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| Golgi complex | Made of folded membranes, responsible for construction and transport of organic molecules
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| Vaculoes | Where food particles are stored and ingested
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| Chloroplasts | Found in photosynthesizing eukaryotic cells, provides site of phtosynthesis
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| Cell wall | Found in photosynthesizing eukaryotic cells, provides shape and support
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| Cilia | Hair-like structures used for movement
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| Levels of organization | From smallest to largest, systems such as atom to molecule etc...
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| Atom | Smalleststable uint of an element
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| Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together, small chemical unit
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| Organelles | Molecules joined to together
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| Tissue | similar cells with a specific function
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| Organ | Tissues joined together
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| Organism | An individual system of cells (e.g. a human)
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| Population | Organisms grouped together in a common spot
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| Community | Population joined with other populations in the area
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| Ecosystem | A community and its surroundings
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| Central vacuole | Central vacuole fills up with water, causing turgor pressure
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| Chlordie cells | Specialized cells within a fish's gills that remove excess salt in an organism
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| Hereidty | The transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next
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| Daughter cells | The product of a single-celled organism reproducing by dividing itself into two.
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| Cell fission | The simple process of a single cell duplicating
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| Gametes | The cell produced when two separate cells join during sexual production
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| Germ tissue | The tissue that produces the gametes
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| Meiosis | The way by which germ tissue produces gametes
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| Diploid cell | A cell that have chromosomes in pairs
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| Haploid | reffered to as gametes, only have one pair of chromosomes
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| Ovaries | female gonads that produce eggs
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| Testes | male gonads that proudce sperm
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| Zygote | A fertilized egg and the genetic material
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| Placenta | A special structure in a mother, if her offspring develops inside of her, that transfers some nourishment to her offspring
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| Reproductive strategy | The way in which an organism reproduces
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| Species | A opulation of organism that have similar characterisitics and can interbreed with eachother
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| Reproductively isolated | When two species cannot interbreed with eachother
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| Genus | A group of very similar species
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| Taxonomy | The process of classifying an organism
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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