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Mbio Module 2
Marine Biology Module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The process by which a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop, and grow. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food |
| Autotroph | Organisms those are able to produce their own food |
| Heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms |
| Respiration | The process by which food is converted into useable energy for life functions |
| Homeostatis | The tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Osmoconformer | An organism that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water. |
| Osmoregulator | An organism that regulates its internal concentration of salt |
| Poikilotherm | An organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment |
| Ectotherm | An organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment. |
| Homeotherm | An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms. |
| Endotherm | An animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat. |
| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction accomplished by a single organism |
| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female. |
| Binomial nomenclature | Identifying an organism by its genus and species name |
| 5 criteria for life | Respiration, regulate internal enviroment, reproduce, respond to changes in surroundings and have DNA |
| Carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates, made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, include simple sugars, glucose, and starches (chains of simple sugars along with other components). |
| Proteins | made from amino acids, part of tissue, hair, skin of marine animals, hormones, enzymes. |
| Lipids | energy storage |
| Neucleic acids | made of nucleotides. Form DNA |
| Organic compounds | Carbohydrates, Protiens, Lipids, and neuleic acids |
| Producers | Organisms that take the sun's rays and transform it into useable energy using photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | Pigment that absorbs the sun's rays and helps with photosynthesis |
| Adenosine triphospate | ATP for short, stores energy |
| Primary production | The production of extra energy (for hetertrophs) |
| Primary producers | Producers that undergo primary production |
| Cell | The basic unit of life |
| Plasma membrane | The outer wall of shell of a cell that separates the internal fluid from the enviroment |
| Organelles | Membrane bound specialized structures that perform specific duties within the cell |
| Prokaryotic/prokaryote | A cell that has a cell wall, but no organelles |
| Eukaryotic/eukaryote | A cell that has cellwall, plasma membrane and organelles |
| Chromosomes | A the structure that holds the cell's DNA |
| Nucleus | The "center" of the cell which has the DNA-weilding chromosomes. Controls the functions of the cell |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouses of the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Made of folded membranes, responsible for constrcution and transport of organic molecules |
| Golgi complex | Made of folded membranes, responsible for construction and transport of organic molecules |
| Vaculoes | Where food particles are stored and ingested |
| Chloroplasts | Found in photosynthesizing eukaryotic cells, provides site of phtosynthesis |
| Cell wall | Found in photosynthesizing eukaryotic cells, provides shape and support |
| Cilia | Hair-like structures used for movement |
| Levels of organization | From smallest to largest, systems such as atom to molecule etc... |
| Atom | Smalleststable uint of an element |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together, small chemical unit |
| Organelles | Molecules joined to together |
| Tissue | similar cells with a specific function |
| Organ | Tissues joined together |
| Organism | An individual system of cells (e.g. a human) |
| Population | Organisms grouped together in a common spot |
| Community | Population joined with other populations in the area |
| Ecosystem | A community and its surroundings |
| Central vacuole | Central vacuole fills up with water, causing turgor pressure |
| Chlordie cells | Specialized cells within a fish's gills that remove excess salt in an organism |
| Hereidty | The transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next |
| Daughter cells | The product of a single-celled organism reproducing by dividing itself into two. |
| Cell fission | The simple process of a single cell duplicating |
| Gametes | The cell produced when two separate cells join during sexual production |
| Germ tissue | The tissue that produces the gametes |
| Meiosis | The way by which germ tissue produces gametes |
| Diploid cell | A cell that have chromosomes in pairs |
| Haploid | reffered to as gametes, only have one pair of chromosomes |
| Ovaries | female gonads that produce eggs |
| Testes | male gonads that proudce sperm |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg and the genetic material |
| Placenta | A special structure in a mother, if her offspring develops inside of her, that transfers some nourishment to her offspring |
| Reproductive strategy | The way in which an organism reproduces |
| Species | A opulation of organism that have similar characterisitics and can interbreed with eachother |
| Reproductively isolated | When two species cannot interbreed with eachother |
| Genus | A group of very similar species |
| Taxonomy | The process of classifying an organism |
Created by:
akikoandpoog
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