Drug Therapy: disorder of the digestive tract
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| Antacids: magnesium hydroxide aluminum hydroxide calcium carbonate sodium bicarbonate | used to reduce pain of peptic ulcers by neutralizing acid in the stomach, decreasing irritation of the stomach lining, and inhibiting production of pepsin.
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| H2 Receptor Blockers: cimetidine (Tagamet) ranitidine (Zantac) famotidine (Pepcid) nizatidine (Azid) | used to reduce secretion of gastric acid and promote healing of ulcers
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| proton pump inhibitor (PPI) omeprazole (Prilosec) esomeprazole (Nexium) lansoprazole (Prevacid) pantoprazole (Protonix) rabeprazole (Aciphex) | used to inhibit gastric acid secretion in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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| Mucosal Barriers: sucralfate (Carafate) | used to permit healing of an ulcer by interacting with acid to form a protective gel that coats the ulcer surface
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| synthetic prostaglandins misoprostol (Cytotec) | used to decrease gastric acid and protect the gastric mucosa. often used to prevent gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs
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| anticholinergic agents: atropine, pirenzepine (Gastrozepin) | used to block action of acetycholine, decreases salivary and gastric secretions, reduces pain by reducing smooth muscle tone in GI tract
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| laxatives and stimulants Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) tables and suppositories senna (Senokot) cascara Sagrada castor oil | used to facilitate bowel elimination. Stimulates the GI tract by irritating the mucosa. Tends to produce diarrhea-like stools. Castor oil is too harsh for routine use
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| bulk-forming laxatives: psyllium (Metamucil) methylcellulose (Citrucel) | used to retain water in the stool to increase bulk and fluid, which stimulates peristalsis with the passage of the formed, soft stool.
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| saline (Osmotic) laxatives magnesium citrate & magnesium hydroxide (MOM) sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-soda) polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) | used to draw water into bowel to distend and stimulate evacuation. it is intended for short-term use only.
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| lubricants: mineral oil | used to lubricate feces for easier passage
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| Fecal wetting agents: docusate calcium (Surfak) docusate sodium (Colace) | used to soften fecal mass. because it may take up to 3 days before effects are evident, these agents are used primarily for prevention of constipation
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| Other agent: lactulose (Cephulac) | used to increase fecal water content to stimulate evacuation. promotes passage of ammonia through the rectum. used in hepatic encephalopathy. available for oral or rectal administration
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| polyethylene glycol-electrolyte sodium (GoLYTELY, HalfLytely, MoviPrep) glycerin suppository or enema | GoLYTELY, HalfLytely and MoviPrep are used to cleanse the bowel before diagnostic procedures. HalfLytely and MoviPrep include other drugs that stimulate the bowel and require less fluid volume than GoLYTELY
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| Antidiarrheal Agents (Opiates) morphine, diphenoxylate HCI (Lomotil) loperamide HCI (Imodium) | used to decrease intestinal motility so that the liquid portion of feces is reabsorbed
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| Antidiarrheal Agents (adsorbents) kaolin aluminum hydroxide | used to bind the substances that may cause diarrhea
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| Antidiarrheal Agents Lactobacillus products | used to replace normal bacterial flora of the bowel
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| Antiemetics 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ondansetron (Zofran) granisetron (Kytril) palonosetron (Aloxi) | used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Aloxi has a very long half-life (40 hours), so a single dose usually controls initial and delayed chemotherapy side efects
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| Antiemetics substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor blocker aprepitant (Emend) |
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