Signs and Symptoms of Diseases
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| Acute Resp Distress Syndrome | Assessment: hypoxia, sternal and costal retractions, presence of rales or rhonchi, diminished breath sounds, refractory hypxemia
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| Pulmonary embolus | chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, hemptysis, tachycardia, hypotension, apprehension, petechiae on chest and axsilla, distened neck veins
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| Pneumonia | hypoxia, tachypnea, tachycardia, CP, malaise, fever, confusion
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| pleurisy | sharp pain on inspiration, chills, fever, cough, dyspnea
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| Acute glomerulonephritis | Dark, smoke colored urine, hypotension, headache, n/v, oliguria
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| Chronic glomerulonephritis | Proteinuria, pedal edema, weight loss, nocturia, GI complaints, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, gout, hypertension, increased creatinine, increased BUN, normal or below normal urine specific gravity
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| Peritonitis | Fever, abd discomfort, return of cloudy dialysate
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| Nephritic Syndrome | Marked proteinuria, generalized edema, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
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| Urinary Calculi | Flank pain, fever, n/v, urinary output changes
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| UTI | Pain/burning on urination, urinary frequency and urgency, flank pain, fever, n/v
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| Benign Prostate Hyperplasia | ↑ freq of urination, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy in starting, ↓ volume and force of urinary system, bladder fullness, recurrent UTIs
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| Anemia | ↑ RBC destruction, blood loss, poor dietary iron intake, poor absorption, parasites
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| Pernicious Anemia | Pallor, jaundice, smooth, beefy red tongue, fatigue, weight loss, Paresthesia, ↓vibratory and position senses, ataxia
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| Aplastic Anemia | ↓ Erythrocytes, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
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| Sickle Cell Anemia Tx | HHOP
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia | s/s are same as general anemia however if severe s/s also includes: brittle nails, corner of mouth ulcers, sore tongue
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| Hemophilia | Bleed and bruise easily, hemorrhaging from minor cuts, joint hemorrhages, post-op hemorrhaging, internal bleeding, intracranial bleeding hemarthrosis
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| Polycythemia Vera | Enlarged spleen, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, Paresthesia, dyspnea, pruritis, burning sensation in fingers and toes
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| Duodenal Ulcer | epigastric pain 2-3 hours after meals, pain that is relieved by food intake, melena
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| Gastric Ulcer | midepigastric pain occurring from ½ to 1 hour after meals, discomfort that is increased by food consumption, vomiting (common to relieve some pain)
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| Dumping Syndrome | dizziness, pallor, n/v, palpations
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| Cataracts | blurred, hazy vision, glare from bright lights, yellow, white, or gray discoloration of the pupil, gradual loss of vision
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| Glaucoma | tired eyes, diminished peripheral vision, seeing halos around lights, hardening of the eyeball, IIP
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| Crohn’s Disease | abd pain, diarrhea, cramping weight loss, anemia, ulcer formation
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| Diverticulitis | bowel irregularity, intervals of diarrhea, cramping pain in the left lower quad of and, low
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| Hepatitis A | Malaise, fever, jaundice, n/v
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| Hepatitis B | malaise, fever, rash, jaundice, arthritis, abd pain, nausea
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| Hepatitis C | lacks symptoms and vagueness but also fever, rash, jaundice, arthritis, abd pain, nausea, malaise
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| Prodromal Stage | Fatigue, malaise, anorexia, n/v, fever, dark urine, clay
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| Icteric state | jaundice, pruritis, tenderness in the RUQ, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes
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| Cirrhosis | jaundice, spleenomegaly and hepatomegaly, chronic indigestion, constipation or diarrhea, weight loss, ascites, edema, Vit A, D, E, K deficiencies, changes in behavior, cognition, and speech, elevations in lever enzymes, BUN, and ammonia levels
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| Pancreatitis | epigastic pain radiating to back, n/v, abd distention, elevated blood and urine glucose levels, elevated serum lipase and amylase levels, decreased serum calcium levels, elevated WBCs, steatorrheaCholecystitis
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| Compartment Syndrome | cyanosis, numbness, pain unrelieved by meds, pallor, paresis/paralysis, swelling, tingling
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| Osteomyelitis | fever, malaise, swelling, tenderness, purulent drainage, and pain in infected area
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| Osteoporosis | back pain, constipation, decrease in height, dowager’s hump, fractures
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| Gout | painful joints and tophi (urate crystal growths)
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | subcutaneous nodules on ulnar surface of arm, warmth, tenderness, and swelling in affected joints
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| Pituitary Gland Tumor | diminished vision due to pressure on the optic chiasm, headache and feeling of fullness in the head, amenorrhea, sterility, increased growth plates, skeletal thickness, hypertrophy of the skin, enlargement of visceral organs like the heart and liver
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| Hypothyroidism | fatigue, lethargy, ↓ body temp, ↓ pulse rate, ↓ BP, weight gain, edema of hands and feet, hair loss, thickening of skin
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| Hyperthyroidism | ↑ HR, ↑ BP, tremors, nervousness, moist skin and sweating, ↑ activity, insomnia, atrial fib, ↑ appetite and weight loss, exopthalmos
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| Hypoparathyroidism | ↓ calcium, ↑ phosphorus, neuro hyperexcitability, carpopedal spasms, urinary freq, mood changes (depression), dry, scaly skin, and think hair, cataracts, changes in teeth (cavities), seizures, changes in EKG (prolonged QT intervals and inverted T waves)
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| Hyperparathyroidism | ↓ blood phosphorus, ↑ blood calcium, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone pain and pathological fractures, ↑ urinary output and calcium renal calculi, n/v, changes in EKG (shortened QT interval and signs of heart block)
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| Addison’s Disease | weakness, bronze-like pigmentation of skin, ↓ glucose levels, ↓ blood pressure, anorexia, sparse axillary hair, urinary freq, depression, addisonian crisis
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| Cushing’s Syndrome | Pendulous abd, buffalo hump, moor facies, hirsutism (facial hair), ruddy complexion, ↑ BP, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, ↓ serum potassium and chloride, ↑ 17
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| Diabetes Mellitus | weight loss, ketonuria, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, delayed wound healing, and ↑ blood glucose
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| Hyperglycemia | headache, n/v, coma, flushed, dry skin, glucose and acetone in urine
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| Hypoglycemia | headache, irritability, disorientation, n/v, diaphoresis, pallor, weakness, convulsions, coma, death
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| V-Tach |
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| Hypertension | 140/90 and over, early morning headache, fatigue
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| Digoxin Toxicity | n/v, seeing halos around lights
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| Myocardial Infarction | substernal pain or pain for greater than 15 mins, pain described as heavy, vise-like, radiating down left arm to jaw and neck; begins spontaneously ¬ relieved by nitroglycerin; SOB, pallor, diaphoresis, dizziness, n/v, ↑ HR, ↓ BP, ↑ temp, ↑ R
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| Aneurysm |
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| CHF |
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| V-Fib | faint, loses consciousness, pulseless, hypotensive or lack of BP
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| Pulmonary Edema | frothy, pink- tinged sputum, SOB, orthopnea, distended jugular veins
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| Causes of seizures: | abrupt withdrawal of barbiturates, brain tumors, CNS infections, head injuries, high fevers, HTN, hypoglycemia
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| Epidural hematoma | lucid to consciousness followed by being critical and then comatose
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| IICP | blurred vision, changes in cognition, changes in LOC, cheyne stokes resps, coma, DECEREBRATE posture, ↓motor responsiveness, Diplopia, doll’s eye, headache, n/v, pupil changes, personality and behavior changes, seizures, widen pulse pressure, ↓HR, R
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| IICP in an Infant | bulging fontanels, high pitched crying, irritability, restlessness
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| Spinal cord injuries | acute resp failure, compromised resp function, loss of bowel and bladder tone, loss of sweating and vasomotor tone, marked reduction of BP due to loss of peripheral vascular resistance, sensory and motor paralysis
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