Medical-Surgical Nursing
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| What is an STI? | A sexually transmitted infection
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| What are the 2 STIs that must be reported to the health department in all US states? | Gonorrhea and syphilis
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| What is the best method of protection against an STI? | A condom used with water-based lubricant
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| What are the 2 classifications of STIs? | Bacterial and viral
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| What bacteria causes gonorrhea? | Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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| Describe Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | A gram-negative diplococcus
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| What is the incubation period of gonorrhea? | 3-8 days
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| What STI can cause redness and swelling at the cervix or urethra with a purulent exudate? | Gonorrhea
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| What are signs and symptoms of rectal gonorrhea? | Mucopurulent rectal discharge, bleeding, pain, pruritis, and painful bowel movements
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| What symptom is common if gonorrhea infects the oropharynx? | Sore throat
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| What is associated with a disseminated gonococcal infection (DIC)? | Skin lesions, fever, arthralgia, arthritis, and/or endocarditis
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| Is gonorrhea treated before positive diagnosis? | Yes
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| Which STI, if untreated, can cause of Bartholin's glands in females? | Gonorrhea
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| What is the treatment of Opthalmia neonatorum? | Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment (standard for all US births)
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| What causes ophthalmia neonatorum? | Gonococcal conjunctivitis; can cause permanent blindness
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| True or False: If a patient is positive for gonorrhea, they need to be treated for chlamydia as well. | True
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| What is the most common STI in the US? | Chlamydia
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| Which sex is at greater risk for chlamydia? | Women
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| What bacterium causes chlamydia? | Chlamydia trachomatis
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| Describe chlamydia trachomatis. | A gram-negative bacterium
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| What is the incubation period of chlamydia? | 1-3 weeks
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| Which STI can produce unilateral scrotal pain? | Chlamydia
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| How long should patients abstain from sexual activities after completing treatment for an STI? | 7 days
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| What is a possible long-term complication of epididymis? | Infertility
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| What can occur as a result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? | Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain
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| What is the preferred method for diagnosing chlamydia? | Nucleic acid amplication testing (NAAT)
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| Where can samples for NAAT be taken from? | Endocervical or vaginal swabs, urethral swabs (men), and urine (both)
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| What parasite causes trichomoniasis? | Trichomonas vaginalis
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| What is the incubation period for trichomoniasis? | 1 week-1 month; may be longer
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| Describe Trichomonas vaginalis. | A flagellate protozoan
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| Which STI causes the cervix, on speculum exam, to have a "strawberry" appearance? | Trichomoniasis
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| What are the 2 strains of virus that cause genital herpes? | Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
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| Which form of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is more common in the genitals? | HSV-2
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| Which form of HSV is associated with oral lesions? | HSV-1
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| What is asymptomatic shedding? | The transportation of HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 without any apparent symptoms
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| What is the incubation period during the primary episode of genital herpes? | 2 days-2 weeks
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| What 3 antivirals are available to treat HSV? | Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir
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| What are the 4 stages of the primary episode of genital herpes? |
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| How long do primary lesions present for in the initial episode of genital herpes? | 17-20 days
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| Which type of HSV infection recurs less frequently: HSV-1 or HSV-2? | HSV-1
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| What is the greatest risk of transmitting genital herpes? | When active lesions are present
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| True or False: An active genital lesion on a pregnant woman is indicative of a C-section. | True
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| What is tabes dorsalis? | Progressive locomotor decline characterized by ataxia, areflexia, paresthesias, lightning pains, and damaged joints in the late stage of syphilis
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| When does neurosyphilis occur? | When T. pallidum invades the CNS; can occur with any stage of syphilis
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| What are 2 lab tests used to diagnose syphilis? | Veneral disease research and rapid plasma reagin; will positive 10-14 days after appearance of chancre
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| What are condylomata acuminata? | Genital warts
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| What causes genital warts? | Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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| Which type of HPV causes genital warts? | Types 6 and 11
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| True or False: Genital HPV infection is considered "transient", | True
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| How long does it usually take genital HPV infection to spontaneously resolve? | 1-2 years
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| How many genital warts do most patients usually have? | 1-10
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| What bacterium causes syphilis? | Treponema pallidum
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| How long is the incubation period of syphilis? | 10-90 days (average 21 days)
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| Which STI is known as the "Great Invader"? | Syphilis
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| What are the 4 stages of syphilis? | Primary, secondary, latent, and late
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| What is a chancre? | A painless indurated lesion associated with syphilis
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| How long after inoculation with syphilis does a chancre occur? | 10-90 days
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| In which stage of syphilis does a rash occur on the trunk, soles, and palms? | Secondary
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| What are condylomata lata? | Moist, weeping papules occurring in the anogenital area with syphilis infection
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| When does syphilis become noninfectious? | After 1 year of being in the latent phase (absence of signs and symptoms)
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| What are gummas? | Chronic, destructive lesions affecting any organ of the body with syphilis infection
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