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STIs
Medical-Surgical Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an STI? | A sexually transmitted infection |
| What are the 2 STIs that must be reported to the health department in all US states? | Gonorrhea and syphilis |
| What is the best method of protection against an STI? | A condom used with water-based lubricant |
| What are the 2 classifications of STIs? | Bacterial and viral |
| What bacteria causes gonorrhea? | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Describe Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | A gram-negative diplococcus |
| What is the incubation period of gonorrhea? | 3-8 days |
| What STI can cause redness and swelling at the cervix or urethra with a purulent exudate? | Gonorrhea |
| What are signs and symptoms of rectal gonorrhea? | Mucopurulent rectal discharge, bleeding, pain, pruritis, and painful bowel movements |
| What symptom is common if gonorrhea infects the oropharynx? | Sore throat |
| What is associated with a disseminated gonococcal infection (DIC)? | Skin lesions, fever, arthralgia, arthritis, and/or endocarditis |
| Is gonorrhea treated before positive diagnosis? | Yes |
| Which STI, if untreated, can cause of Bartholin's glands in females? | Gonorrhea |
| What is the treatment of Opthalmia neonatorum? | Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment (standard for all US births) |
| What causes ophthalmia neonatorum? | Gonococcal conjunctivitis; can cause permanent blindness |
| True or False: If a patient is positive for gonorrhea, they need to be treated for chlamydia as well. | True |
| What is the most common STI in the US? | Chlamydia |
| Which sex is at greater risk for chlamydia? | Women |
| What bacterium causes chlamydia? | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Describe chlamydia trachomatis. | A gram-negative bacterium |
| What is the incubation period of chlamydia? | 1-3 weeks |
| Which STI can produce unilateral scrotal pain? | Chlamydia |
| How long should patients abstain from sexual activities after completing treatment for an STI? | 7 days |
| What is a possible long-term complication of epididymis? | Infertility |
| What can occur as a result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? | Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain |
| What is the preferred method for diagnosing chlamydia? | Nucleic acid amplication testing (NAAT) |
| Where can samples for NAAT be taken from? | Endocervical or vaginal swabs, urethral swabs (men), and urine (both) |
| What parasite causes trichomoniasis? | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| What is the incubation period for trichomoniasis? | 1 week-1 month; may be longer |
| Describe Trichomonas vaginalis. | A flagellate protozoan |
| Which STI causes the cervix, on speculum exam, to have a "strawberry" appearance? | Trichomoniasis |
| What are the 2 strains of virus that cause genital herpes? | Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) |
| Which form of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is more common in the genitals? | HSV-2 |
| Which form of HSV is associated with oral lesions? | HSV-1 |
| What is asymptomatic shedding? | The transportation of HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 without any apparent symptoms |
| What is the incubation period during the primary episode of genital herpes? | 2 days-2 weeks |
| What 3 antivirals are available to treat HSV? | Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir |
| What are the 4 stages of the primary episode of genital herpes? | |
| How long do primary lesions present for in the initial episode of genital herpes? | 17-20 days |
| Which type of HSV infection recurs less frequently: HSV-1 or HSV-2? | HSV-1 |
| What is the greatest risk of transmitting genital herpes? | When active lesions are present |
| True or False: An active genital lesion on a pregnant woman is indicative of a C-section. | True |
| What is tabes dorsalis? | Progressive locomotor decline characterized by ataxia, areflexia, paresthesias, lightning pains, and damaged joints in the late stage of syphilis |
| When does neurosyphilis occur? | When T. pallidum invades the CNS; can occur with any stage of syphilis |
| What are 2 lab tests used to diagnose syphilis? | Veneral disease research and rapid plasma reagin; will positive 10-14 days after appearance of chancre |
| What are condylomata acuminata? | Genital warts |
| What causes genital warts? | Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Which type of HPV causes genital warts? | Types 6 and 11 |
| True or False: Genital HPV infection is considered "transient", | True |
| How long does it usually take genital HPV infection to spontaneously resolve? | 1-2 years |
| How many genital warts do most patients usually have? | 1-10 |
| What bacterium causes syphilis? | Treponema pallidum |
| How long is the incubation period of syphilis? | 10-90 days (average 21 days) |
| Which STI is known as the "Great Invader"? | Syphilis |
| What are the 4 stages of syphilis? | Primary, secondary, latent, and late |
| What is a chancre? | A painless indurated lesion associated with syphilis |
| How long after inoculation with syphilis does a chancre occur? | 10-90 days |
| In which stage of syphilis does a rash occur on the trunk, soles, and palms? | Secondary |
| What are condylomata lata? | Moist, weeping papules occurring in the anogenital area with syphilis infection |
| When does syphilis become noninfectious? | After 1 year of being in the latent phase (absence of signs and symptoms) |
| What are gummas? | Chronic, destructive lesions affecting any organ of the body with syphilis infection |
Created by:
shrewsburysd
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