Medical-Surgical Nursing
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is HIV? | Human immunodeficiency virus
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| What type of virus is HIV? | Retrovirus
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| What is reverse transcriptase? | An enzyme that transforms the RNA of HIV into a single strand of DNA
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| How does HIV integrate into the host's genetic structure? | Through the enzyme integrase
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| How many stages exist in untreated HIV? | 3
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| What is Stage 1 of HIV infection? | Acute HIV infection
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| What are the signs and symptoms of acute (Stage 1) HIV infection? | Within 2-4 weeks of infection, patients experience flu-like illness
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| What are diagnostic tests to diagnose acute HIV infection? | Either a fourth generation antibody/antigen test or a nucleic acid test (NAT)
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| When are patients with HIV most infectious? | During the acute (stage 1) phase
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| What are possible neurologic complications with acute HIV infection? | Aseptic meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy, or Guillan-Barre syndrome
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| What is Stage 2 of HIV infection? | Clinical latency (Inactivity or dormancy)
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| What are signs and symptoms during Stage 2 of HIV infection? | Patients are asymptomatic
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| How long is the interval between initial HIV infection and diagnosis of AIDS in untreated infection? | Generally 10 years
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| What is Stage 3 of HIV infection? | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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| What are common signs and symptoms of AIDS? | Persistent fever, chills, sweats, swollen lymph nodes, chronic diarrhea, recurrent headaches, weight loss, and severe fatigue
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| What is the required CD4+ T cell count required by the CDC to diagnose AIDS? | Less than 200 cells
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| How does the enzyme protease affect HIV? | It's involved in the replication process of the viral DNA, allowing it to spread
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| What virus causes Kaposi sarcoma? | Human herpesvirus 8
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| What is a common cancer associated with AIDS? | Kaposi sarcoma
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| How does Kaposi sarcoma appear? | As purple, brown, or red tumors (called lesions) on the skin and mucosal surfaces
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| Do the lesions of Kaposi sarcoma usually cause symptoms? | No
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| If HIV positive, what antigen is produced before antibodies develop? | p24
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| What is the normal range of CD4+ T cells? | 800-1200 cells
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| True or False: No test can detect HIV immediately after exposure. | True
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| Who is more likely to get HIV: A circumcised man or an uncircumcised man? | An uncircumcised man
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| If an HIV-positive woman has an undetectable viral load, can she safely breastfeed? | No; her breast milk can still transmit HIV
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| What is PrEP? | Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy to reduce the risk of sexually-acquired HIV in high risk patients
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| What drugs are used in PrEP? | A combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine (Truvada)
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| What is PEP? | Post-exposure prophylaxis; taking antiretrovirals (ART) after being potentially exposed HIV
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| When must PEP be started? | Within 72 hours of possible exposure to HIV
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| Is PEP 100% effective in preventing HIV? | No
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| What is defined as viral suppression? | Having less than 200 copies of HIV per mL of blood
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| What is lipodystrophy? | Changes in body shape r/t a redistribution of fat in the abdomen, upper back, and breasts along with fat loss in the arms, legs, and face
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| What is the target cell for HIV? | CD4+ T cells
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| What type of cell is the CD4+ T cell? | Lymphocyte
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| What bodily fluids transmit HIV? | Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk
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| What is the most common mode of HIV transmission? | Unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner.
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